Bladder problems affect millions of people worldwide. While some conditions can be detected and monitored through conventional methods, others require more invasive procedures such as cystoscopy.

This article will provide an overview of cystoscopy, including what it is, how it works, and why it is used to diagnose bladder problems.

What is Cystoscopy?

Cystoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure that allows a doctor to examine the bladder and urethra using a specialized instrument called a cystoscope. The cystoscope is a long, thin tube with a camera at the end.

The tube is inserted into the urethra and advanced through the bladder. This allows the doctor to visually inspect the lining of the bladder and urethra for any abnormalities such as tumors, inflammation, or infection.

The Types of Cystoscopes

There are two types of cystoscopes – rigid and flexible.

Rigid cystoscopes are made of metal and are inflexible. They are inserted through the urethra and into the bladder. They are ideal for visualizing the bladder’s interior for biopsies and removing small stones or tumors.

Flexible cystoscopes are advanced through the patient’s bladder and urethra using a flexible tube with a camera and lens attached.

This helps the doctor visualize the bladder’s interior and take biopsies, surgical procedures, and perform ureteral stenting.

Preparing for Cystoscopy

Prior to the procedure, the doctor will ask the patient to give urine samples and perform other diagnostic tests to assess the bladder’s health.

The patient is advised to avoid taking aspirin for a minimum of a week before the procedure, as this can increase the risk of bleeding. It is essential to inform the doctor about any medicine or dietary supplements they are taking.

The Cystoscopy Procedure

Cystoscopy is usually an outpatient procedure that can be performed under local anesthesia, general anesthesia, or sedation. In the majority of cases, the procedure only takes 10–15 minutes, although it may take longer if treatments are required.

The patient is asked to lay down on their back, with their knees bent, and to wear a gown. The doctor will first perform a routine physical examination of the genitals, urinalysis, and check vital signs such as blood pressure and heart rate.

If sedation or general anesthesia is required, the doctor or anesthesiologist may provide this using an IV. Once the patient is sedated, the doctor will lubricate the cystoscope and then insert it through the urethra and into the bladder.

The doctor will then slowly move the cystoscope and closely examine the bladder walls and urethra. During the procedure, the patient may feel some discomfort, but it should not be painful. Patients can usually leave the hospital on the same day as the cystoscopy. However, in some cases, patients may be asked to stay the night.

After the Cystoscopy Procedure

After the procedure, the patient may experience some side effects such as urgency to urinate, a burning sensation, or minor blood in urine. These side effects usually disappear within a few days without the need for further treatment.

The most common reason for cystoscopy is a diagnosis of bladder problems, but it is also used for other treatments such as:.

Urethral stricture treatment
Bladder stone treatment
Removal of foreign objects
Ureteral stenting
Biopsies to test for cancer or other bladder diseases

Conclusion

Cystoscopy is an important diagnostic tool to evaluate bladder issues. With modern advancements in technology, cystoscopy is becoming less invasive and more effective for diagnosing bladder problems.

While the procedure may involve some discomfort initially, the benefits, and advantages far outweigh any temporary discomfort.