HELLP syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can occur during pregnancy. It is a variant of preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys.

HELLP syndrome stands for Hemolysis (the breakdown of red blood cells), Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count.

Diagnosing HELLP syndrome can be challenging as its symptoms can be mistaken for other pregnancy-related conditions. However, prompt diagnosis is crucial as HELLP syndrome can lead to life-threatening complications for both the mother and the baby.

In this article, we will discuss what to expect during the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome.

1. Initial Symptoms

The initial symptoms of HELLP syndrome are often nonspecific and can easily be attributed to other pregnancy-related issues. Common symptoms include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache, and upper abdominal pain.

These symptoms can sometimes be misleading, leading to delayed diagnosis. It is essential to monitor these symptoms and report any significant changes to your healthcare provider.

2. Blood Pressure Monitoring

One of the first steps in diagnosing HELLP syndrome is monitoring your blood pressure. High blood pressure is a characteristic feature of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

Your healthcare provider will regularly check your blood pressure to identify any significant fluctuations or abnormalities.

3. Blood Tests

Blood tests play a vital role in diagnosing HELLP syndrome. They help monitor the levels of liver enzymes, red blood cells, and platelets in your blood.

A low platelet count, elevated liver enzymes, and evidence of hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells) are typical markers of HELLP syndrome. Blood tests also help rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

4. Urine Analysis

In addition to blood tests, your healthcare provider may also request a urine analysis. Preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome are associated with proteinuria, the presence of excessive protein in the urine.

Detecting proteinuria helps confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the condition.

5. Ultrasound Examination

Ultrasound examinations are commonly performed during pregnancy to monitor the health and development of the baby. In the case of HELLP syndrome, an ultrasound may be ordered to assess the well-being of both the mother and the baby.

It helps identify any potential complications, such as poor fetal growth or abnormally low levels of amniotic fluid.

6. Non-Stress Test

A non-stress test is a simple and painless procedure that assesses the baby’s heart rate in response to its movements. This test is often recommended if there are concerns about the baby’s well-being due to HELLP syndrome.

It helps determine if the baby is receiving adequate oxygen and if further intervention is necessary.

7. Liver Function Tests

Since HELLP syndrome affects the liver, your healthcare provider may order liver function tests to assess its overall function.

These tests measure specific enzymes and proteins in your blood, providing valuable information about the liver’s health.

8. Complete Blood Count

A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test that measures the number of different components in your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

In the context of HELLP syndrome, a CBC helps assess the severity of the condition and monitor any changes in your blood cell levels.

9. Fetal Monitoring

If you are diagnosed with HELLP syndrome, your healthcare provider will likely recommend regular fetal monitoring.

This may include the use of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring or Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the baby’s well-being and detect any signs of distress.

10. Maternal Observation

During the diagnosis and management of HELLP syndrome, maternal observation is crucial. Healthcare providers closely monitor the mother’s vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and overall well-being.

Regular check-ups and close observation help identify any sudden changes that may require immediate intervention.