It is common to mistake the flu for a cold and vice versa. Both are respiratory illnesses that share symptoms, and it is tough to tell the difference between the two without proper examination by a medical professional.

Even so, several distinct differences exist between them. Let’s explore the differences between the flu and the cold to understand how to respond most effectively to each.

Possible Causes

Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, and the common cold are both viral infections caused by different strains of virus.

The flu is caused by the influenza virus, while the common cold is primarily caused by the rhinovirus, but there are other viruses that can cause a cold.

Symptoms

Both influenza and the common cold are respiratory illnesses that share similar symptoms. Some of the most common symptoms include a runny nose, sore throat, fever, and coughing.

The flu, however, typically has more severe and sudden onset symptoms than a cold. For example, the flu can cause a high fever and extreme fatigue, while a cold typically causes a low-grade fever and mild fatigue. Additionally, muscular aches, chills, and headaches are more common with the flu than with a cold.

The flu can also cause vomiting, gastrointestinal symptoms, and diarrhea in some people, which are symptoms not typically associated with the common cold.

Duration and Severity

The common cold typically lasts from three to five days and is usually mild in severity. The flu, on the other hand, can last up to two weeks and be severe in some cases.

Flu-related complications are also more common in certain populations, including young children, the elderly, people with weakened immune systems, and pregnant women. The common cold typically does not result in complications unless a bacterial infection sets in, such as sinusitis or bronchitis.

Transmission

The flu and the common cold are both highly contagious and are transmitted through the respiratory system. Both illnesses spread through droplets in the air, such as when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

A person can contract a cold or the flu by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching their mouth, nose, or eyes. The flu is highly contagious and spreads more easily than the common cold, making it easier to contract.

Prevention

The best way to prevent both the flu and the common cold is through proper hygiene and vaccination. Practicing good hygiene that involves regular hand washing and avoiding exposure to infected people can help prevent infections.

The flu vaccine is recommended for people over the age of 6 months and is an effective way to prevent the flu. A yearly flu vaccine is recommended for people who are at an increased risk of developing flu-related complications, such as the elderly, children, and pregnant women.

Treatment

Treatments for the flu and the common cold are similar and involve symptom relief. Rest, a high fluid intake, acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain and fever relief, and over-the-counter medications for nasal congestion are recommended for both illnesses.

Antiviral medications are available to treat the flu if it is caught early, typically within the first two days of symptoms appearing. However, antibiotics are not effective against either the flu or the common cold since both are viral infections.

When to Seek Medical Care

The flu and the common cold can often be treated with at-home remedies and do not require medical attention. However, in certain cases, medical care may be necessary.

If a person experiences severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, vomiting, or a high fever, they should seek medical attention immediately. Additionally, if a person is at an increased risk of developing flu-related complications, such as the elderly, children, and pregnant women, they should consult with their healthcare provider promptly.

In Conclusion

The flu and the common cold are respiratory illnesses that share several of the same symptoms. However, there are distinct differences between the two illnesses in terms of their severity, duration, and possible complications.

Knowing the differences between the two can help individuals handle their symptoms more effectively, take the proper precautions to prevent the flu and the common cold, and seek medical help if necessary.