Diabetes has been classified into two types for decades. However, in recent times, researchers and medical professionals have started acknowledging the existence of a third type of diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are the most common with distinct causes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, whereas type 2 diabetes is caused by resistance to insulin or inadequate insulin production.

The third type of diabetes is also known as double diabetes, hybrid diabetes, or type 1.5 diabetes. It is a form of diabetes that shares characteristics with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

It is estimated that nearly 20% of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes actually have the third type of diabetes. As more research is conducted and awareness is raised, more individuals are diagnosed and treated appropriately.

Causes of Third Type of Diabetes

The causes of third type of diabetes are not yet entirely understood. However, researchers suggest that it may be due to a combination of factors leading to an autoimmune response.

Some of the factors that could be responsible for this type of diabetes are:.

1. Genetics

Genetics are believed to play a significant role in the development of third type of diabetes. Individuals with a family history of type 1 diabetes are at an increased risk of developing this form of diabetes.

2. Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes. If left untreated, it can progress and cause damage to the pancreas cells responsible for producing insulin. In some cases, the immune system also attacks these cells, leading to a hybrid form of diabetes.

3. Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune disorders such as thyroiditis, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of developing third type of diabetes. These disorders activate the immune response leading to an attack on the pancreas cells that produce insulin.

4. Age

People over the age of 50 are more likely to develop third type of diabetes. The pancreas cells that produce insulin can wear out with age, increasing the risk of developing diabetes.

5. Increased Body Weight

Obesity is linked to type 2 diabetes. However, it may also contribute to third type of diabetes.

Individuals with an increased body weight may have higher levels of insulin resistance and inflammation, leading to damage to the pancreas cells that produce insulin.

6. Environmental Toxins

Exposure to environmental toxins such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates may cause damage to the pancreas cells. These toxins are commonly found in plastics, cosmetics, and pesticides.

7. Viral Infections

Some viral infections may increase the risk of developing third type of diabetes. Viruses such as coxsackievirus B4 have been linked to the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.

Diagnosis of Third Type of Diabetes

Diagnosing third type of diabetes can be challenging due to its similarity to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis is based on the presence of autoimmune markers, insulin resistance, and positive markers for type 2 diabetes.

Some tests used in the diagnosis of third type of diabetes include:.

1. C-Peptide Test

This test measures the levels of c-peptide in the body. C-peptide is formed when insulin is produced. Low levels of c-peptide suggest that the body is not producing enough insulin on its own.

2. Autoantibodies Test

This test measures the levels of autoantibodies in the blood. Autoantibodies are produced by the immune system and attack pancreatic cells responsible for insulin production. The presence of autoantibodies is indicative of an autoimmune response.

3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

This test measures the body’s response to glucose. It involves drinking a sugary solution and testing the blood sugar levels after a certain period. The test can determine insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance.

Treatment of Third Type of Diabetes

Treatment of third type of diabetes involves a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and insulin therapy. If diagnosed early, the condition can be managed and the risk of complications minimized. Some of the treatment options include:.

1. Medications

Medications such as metformin, insulin sensitizers, and insulin therapy are used to manage third type of diabetes. These medications help to lower blood sugar levels and increase insulin sensitivity.

Insulin therapy may also be used to replace the body’s insulin production.

2. Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle changes such as exercise, healthy eating, and weight loss can be beneficial in managing third type of diabetes. Exercise helps to improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control.

A healthy diet can help to control blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of complications. Weight loss can also reduce insulin resistance and reduce blood sugar levels.

3. Regular Monitoring

Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels is important in managing third type of diabetes. Monitoring helps to identify any changes in blood sugar levels and adjust medications or lifestyle changes accordingly.

Conclusion

Third type of diabetes is a relatively new form of diabetes that shares characteristics of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

The exact causes of this form of diabetes are not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to manage the condition and prevent complications. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels is important in managing third type of diabetes.