Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects millions of people around the world. It is a progressive disease, which means symptoms can worsen over time and may eventually lead to disability or even death.

COPD is often caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as smoke, pollution, and chemicals, and it is most commonly seen in smokers and people over the age of 40.

What are the Symptoms of COPD?

One of the first signs of COPD is increased breathlessness, especially during physical activity. Over time, breathlessness may become more pronounced, and cough and mucus production may become more persistent.

Some people with COPD may experience wheezing, chest tightness, and fatigue. Other symptoms include:.

Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
A persistent cough with mucus production
Frequent respiratory infections
Wheezing
Chest tightness
Fatigue
Unintended weight loss
Swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs
Blue or gray lips or fingernails (which may be a sign of low oxygen levels)

What are the Risk Factors for COPD?

COPD is most commonly seen in people who smoke or who have a history of smoking. However, other factors may increase the risk of developing COPD, including:.

Exposure to pollutants, such as chemicals, dust, and fumes
Exposure to secondhand smoke
A history of childhood respiratory infections or lung problems
A family history of COPD
Asthma that is not well-controlled
Being over the age of 40

How is COPD Diagnosed?

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of COPD or are at risk for the disease, your doctor may recommend one or more tests to diagnose the condition. These may include:.

Spirometry, which measures how much air you can exhale and how quickly you can do so
Chest X-rays or CT scans to look for signs of lung damage
Arterial blood gas tests to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood
Oxygen saturation tests to measure the amount of oxygen in your blood

How is COPD Treated?

Although COPD cannot be cured, there are several treatment options available that can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include:.

Smoking cessation
Medications, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, to help open up the airways and reduce inflammation
Oxygen therapy to help increase oxygen levels in the blood
Pulmonary rehabilitation, which involves exercise training, breathing techniques, and education on COPD management
Surgery, in some cases, to remove damaged lung tissue or to transplant a lung

How can You Prevent COPD?

The best way to prevent COPD is to avoid long-term exposure to lung irritants. This may involve:.

Quitting smoking
Avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke
Using protective equipment, such as masks, when working with chemicals or dust
Avoiding outdoor activities when air quality is poor

Conclusion

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of COPD, or are at risk for the disease, it is important to speak with your doctor about getting tested.

Although COPD cannot be cured, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease, improving your quality of life.