Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is caused by an overactive immune system that triggers inflammation, leading to red, scaly patches.

While atopic dermatitis is not directly linked to skin cancer, studies have shown that people with this skin condition may have an increased risk of developing skin cancer.

The Connection Between Atopic Dermatitis and Skin Cancer

Several studies have investigated the relationship between atopic dermatitis and skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC is the second most common type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 20% of all cases.

It arises in the outermost layer of the skin and can often be cured if detected early. However, if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and become life-threatening.

A study conducted by researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that people with atopic dermatitis had a 3.5 times higher risk of developing SCC compared to those without the condition.

Another study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology found that people with atopic dermatitis had a higher risk of developing skin cancer in general, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and melanoma.

Why Does Atopic Dermatitis Increase the Risk of Skin Cancer?

The exact reason why atopic dermatitis increases the risk of skin cancer is not clear. However, there are several theories.

One theory is that chronic inflammation caused by atopic dermatitis can damage DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that can eventually cause cancer. Another theory is that people with atopic dermatitis have a weakened skin barrier, which makes it easier for UV radiation from the sun to penetrate the skin and cause damage.

Furthermore, people with atopic dermatitis may be more likely to scratch their skin, which can create small cuts that are vulnerable to infection and can increase the risk of skin cancer.

In addition, some treatments for atopic dermatitis, such as phototherapy and immunosuppressive medications, can increase the risk of skin cancer by suppressing the immune system and making the skin more susceptible to damage.

Preventing Skin Cancer in People with Atopic Dermatitis

While people with atopic dermatitis may have an increased risk of skin cancer, there are several steps they can take to reduce their risk.

Protecting the Skin from the Sun

The most important step in preventing skin cancer is protecting the skin from the sun. People with atopic dermatitis should avoid sun exposure, especially during peak hours between 10 am and 4 pm.

If they need to be outside, they should wear protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and wide-brimmed hats. They should also use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, and apply it generously to all exposed skin.

Avoiding Irritants and Allergens

People with atopic dermatitis should also avoid irritants and allergens that can trigger flare-ups and make the skin more vulnerable to damage. They should use gentle, fragrance-free products and avoid harsh soaps or detergents.

They should also avoid scratching their skin, as this can create small cuts and make the skin more vulnerable to infection and damage.

Regular Skin Exams

People with atopic dermatitis should also have regular skin exams with a dermatologist to check for any signs of skin cancer.

They should be alert to any changes in the skin, such as new or changing moles, sores that do not heal, or bumps that bleed or itch. Early detection of skin cancer is key to successful treatment and a good outcome.

Conclusion

While atopic dermatitis does not directly cause skin cancer, people with this condition may have an increased risk of developing skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma.

The exact reason for this is not clear, but it may be related to chronic inflammation, a weakened skin barrier, and other factors. People with atopic dermatitis can reduce their risk of skin cancer by protecting their skin from the sun, avoiding irritants and allergens, and having regular skin exams with a dermatologist.