First period, also known as menarche, is a significant event in a young girl’s life. For some, the experience is seamless and comfortable, while for others, it can be challenging or even traumatic.

Because there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to an individual’s menstruation cycle, it isn’t uncommon for girls to feel restless, anxious, or depressed during this time. Many studies suggest that the onset of menstruation may be linked to an increased risk of depression. But, is there really any evidence to support this claim? Let’s find out.

What Happens During Menstruation?

Before we can determine whether menstruation is linked to depression, it’s critical to understand what actually happens during this time. Menstruation is a natural process that happens when the uterus sheds its lining, resulting in bleeding.

This process typically takes around 3-5 days and happens every 28-35 days for most women. While menstruating, girls may experience other symptoms such as cramps, bloating, headaches, and mood changes.

These mood swings, coupled with other physical symptoms, can cause stress and anxiety, which may put a strain on an individual’s mental health.

Menstruation and its Connection to Depression

Several studies have been conducted to determine whether the onset of menstruation is linked to depression. Although the outcome of these studies has been inconsistent, the general consensus is that there may be a possible link between the two.

A study conducted in Sweden found that young girls who experience their first period before the age of 11 are more likely to develop depression later in life. Similar results were obtained in another study conducted in the Netherlands, which concluded that the younger the age of onset of menstruation, the higher the risk of depression and anxiety.

The Role of Hormones

One of the primary reasons why menstruation is thought to be linked to depression and other mood disorders is hormones. Estrogen and progesterone are hormones that play a vital role in a woman’s menstrual cycle.

The level of these hormones fluctuates during different parts of the menstrual cycle. These hormone fluctuations can cause irritability, fatigue, and other mood changes, which may put an individual at risk for mental health disorders such as depression.

Stress and Anxiety

Aside from hormonal fluctuations, the onset of menstruation can also cause stress and anxiety. Young girls may be anxious about the physical and emotional changes that come with menstruation.

The symptoms associated with menstruation such as heavy bleeding, cramps, and bloating, can also cause discomfort and pain. These physical symptoms can make it challenging to continue with daily activities leading to stress and anxiety, which can affect an individual’s psychological well-being.

Social Pressures

Social pressures can also have an impact on an individual’s mental health. While menstruation is a natural process, there is often a stigma around it, which may cause girls to feel ashamed or embarrassed.

This stigma may also cause girls to miss school or social events, leading to further feelings of isolation or low self-esteem. The societal expectations surrounding menstruation and femininity can also have an impact on an individual’s psychological well-being.

Preventing Depression During Menstruation

Menstruation can be a challenging time, but here are some ways that can help to reduce stress, anxiety, and the risk of depression:.

Healthy eating: A healthy and balanced diet is essential to physical and emotional well-being. Eating nutritious food can help to boost energy levels, stabilize mood, and reduce uncomfortable symptoms associated with menstruation.
Regular exercise: Regular exercise is essential to physical and mental health. Exercise can help to reduce stress and anxiety, promote better sleep, and improve mood.
Talking to a trusted person: Talking to a trusted friend or family member about your concerns and feelings can help to alleviate negative emotions and reduce stress.
Self-care: Practicing self-care activities such as meditation, yoga, or indulging in your favorite hobby can also help to reduce stress levels and promote a sense of well-being.

Conclusion

Although the evidence is not conclusive, there appears to be a possible link between the onset of menstruation and depression.

The hormonal fluctuations, stress, anxiety, and social stigma surrounding menstruation can all lead to negative emotions and put an individual’s psychological well-being at risk. However, with proper management, it’s possible to reduce the risk of depression during this time.