Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause cancers in both men and women.

While the association between HPV and cervical cancer is well-known, there is still much to learn about the link between HPV and oral cancers, including whether HPV infection increases the risk of developing oral cancer.

What is Oral Cancer?

Oral cancer, also known as head and neck cancer, can occur in any part of the mouth, tongue, lips, throat, sinuses, or other structures in the head and neck area.

These cancers can be difficult to detect because they often do not cause noticeable symptoms in their early stages. However, they can be very serious if left untreated and can be life-threatening.

What is HPV?

HPV is a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. There are many different strains of HPV, and some can cause infections that lead to the development of cancer.

HPV can cause cervical cancer, anal cancer, vulvar cancer, penile cancer, and some types of head and neck cancers.

HPV and Oral Cancer

Recent studies have shown that HPV is a significant risk factor for developing some types of oral cancers. The link between HPV and oral cancer is strongest for cancers that occur in the back of the throat, known as oropharyngeal cancers.

These cancers are more common in men than in women, and the incidence has been increasing in recent years.

HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer

Oropharyngeal cancer is a cancer that occurs in the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue, the tonsils, and the soft palate. This type of cancer has been strongly linked to HPV infection, specifically with HPV type 16.

HPV infection is believed to be responsible for over 70% of oropharyngeal cancers in the US.

High-risk HPV Types

There are many different types of HPV, but only a few are considered “high-risk” for developing cancers. HPV type 16 is the most common high-risk type associated with oral cancers, followed by HPV type 18.

HPV type 16 is also the most common type of HPV associated with cervical cancer.

How HPV Increases the Risk of Oral Cancer

HPV causes cancer by disrupting the normal functions of cells in the body. HPV infects cells and causes them to divide rapidly and uncontrollably, which can lead to the development of cancer.

In oral cancers, HPV infects the cells in the back of the throat that are responsible for producing mucus and performing other important functions.

HPV and Cancer Prevention

There are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers, including oral cancers. The most effective way to reduce the risk of HPV infection is to get vaccinated.

HPV vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls starting at age 11 or 12. The vaccine is most effective when given before sexual activity begins.

Early Detection is Key

Early detection of oral cancer is key to successful treatment and recovery. Regular dental check-ups and oral cancer screenings can help detect oral cancer in its early stages, when it is most treatable.

If you experience any symptoms such as persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, or swelling in the mouth or throat, talk to your doctor or dentist right away.

Treatment Options

If you are diagnosed with oral cancer, your treatment options will depend on the location and stage of the cancer. Treatment may include surgery to remove the cancer, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

Your doctor will work with you to determine the best treatment plan for your individual situation.

Conclusion

Recent research has shown that HPV is a significant risk factor for developing some types of oral cancers. The link between HPV and oral cancer is strongest for oropharyngeal cancers, which occur in the back of the throat.

Getting vaccinated against HPV and getting regular dental check-ups and oral cancer screenings can help prevent and detect oral cancer early, when it is most treatable. If you experience any symptoms of oral cancer, talk to your doctor or dentist right away.