Iodine is an essential mineral necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, which influences brain development from the early stages of life.

The thyroid hormone is responsible for regulating metabolic processes and is crucial for normal mental and physical growth. Therefore, low levels of iodine and ensuing thyroid hormone deficiency can cause serious impairments in cognitive function and intellectual abilities. In this article, we will discuss the relationship between low iodine intake and IQ levels.

What is Iodine?

Iodine is a chemical element that is essential for human health. It is mainly found in the thyroid gland, where it is used to make hormones that regulate metabolism.

Iodine is also present in other tissues, including mammary glands, salivary glands, and eyes. In addition, it is found in some foods and supplements.

How Does Iodine Affect Brain Development?

Iodine is vital for the development of the brain and nervous system, especially during pregnancy and early childhood.

Without adequate iodine intake, the thyroid gland cannot produce enough thyroid hormone, resulting in a condition called hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can lead to a range of neurological and mental disorders, including mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and impaired cognitive function.

How Is Iodine Intake Measured?

The most common way to measure iodine intake is through urine testing. The amount of iodine in the urine reflects the amount of iodine that the body has absorbed within the past 24 hours.

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers an iodine intake of less than 100 micrograms per liter of urine as insufficient, and more than 300 micrograms per liter as excessive. The ideal range is between 100 and 299 micrograms per liter.

Low Iodine Intake and IQ Levels

Studies have shown that low iodine intake during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood can lead to cognitive impairment and reduced IQ levels.

A study conducted in China found that children born to mothers with iodine deficiency during pregnancy had lower IQ scores compared to those born to mothers with sufficient iodine intake. Another study from New Zealand found that children with low iodine levels at ages three and five had lower IQ scores at ages nine and ten compared to children with adequate iodine levels.

Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency

Iodine deficiency is a widespread problem, affecting around 2 billion people worldwide. It is most common in areas with low soil iodine content, such as mountainous regions and inland areas far away from the sea.

Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to iodine deficiency, as they have an increased demand for iodine to support their developing fetus.

Prevention and Treatment of Iodine Deficiency

The most effective way to prevent iodine deficiency is through iodized salt. Iodized salt is added with a small amount of potassium iodide, which provides the necessary daily intake of iodine.

However, in some cases, iodine supplements may be necessary to correct severe iodine deficiency. In addition, consuming iodine-rich foods, such as seaweed, fish, and dairy products, can help increase iodine levels in the body.

Conclusion

Iodine deficiency is a significant health concern that can greatly impact cognitive function and IQ levels. It is essential for pregnant women, infants, and children to consume sufficient iodine to ensure proper brain development.

Regular testing of iodine levels through urine testing is recommended to diagnose iodine deficiency and ensure adequate iodine intake. By incorporating iodized salt and iodine-rich foods into the diet, we can help prevent and treat iodine deficiency.