Headaches are a common ailment that most of us experience from time to time. They can range from mild to severe and may be caused by many different factors, including tension, stress, dehydration, or even lack of sleep.

While most headaches are not a cause for concern and can be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers, some headaches may be a symptom of a much more serious condition and require immediate medical attention.

Meningitis

Meningitis is a serious bacterial infection that affects the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Some of the symptoms of meningitis include sudden and severe headache, high fever, sensitivity to light, vomiting, and stiff neck.

If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. Meningitis can become life-threatening in a matter of hours and requires prompt treatment with antibiotics.

Stroke

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, usually due to a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel. One of the symptoms of a stroke can be a sudden and severe headache.

Other symptoms may include weakness, numbness, or paralysis on one side of the body, slurred speech, confusion, and loss of vision in one or both eyes. If you experience any of these symptoms, call 911 immediately. Time is of the essence when it comes to stroke treatment, and the longer you wait, the more damage can be done to your brain.

Brain Aneurysm

A brain aneurysm is a weak spot in the blood vessel wall that can balloon out and fill with blood. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can cause bleeding in the brain, which can be life-threatening.

One of the symptoms of a ruptured brain aneurysm can be a sudden and severe headache, often described as “the worst headache of your life.” Other symptoms may include neck pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. If you experience these symptoms, call 911 immediately. Treatment for a ruptured brain aneurysm may include surgery or an endovascular procedure.

Cluster Headaches

Cluster headaches are a rare type of headache that occur in cyclical patterns or clusters. They are characterized by severe pain on one side of the head, often around the eye, and may be accompanied by tearing, redness, or drooping of the eyelid.

Cluster headaches can last for weeks or months at a time and can be very debilitating. If you experience cluster headaches, see your healthcare provider to discuss treatment options, which may include prescription medications or oxygen therapy.

Temporal Arteritis

Temporal arteritis is a condition in which the arteries in the head and neck become inflamed. It is most common in people over the age of 50 and can cause severe headaches, particularly around the temples.

Other symptoms may include fatigue, weight loss, and vision problems. If you experience these symptoms, see your healthcare provider as soon as possible. Treatment for temporal arteritis usually involves a course of corticosteroid medications.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can be deadly if inhaled. One of the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning is a headache, often accompanied by nausea, dizziness, and confusion.

If you suspect that you or someone else may be suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning, immediately seek fresh air and call 911. Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning may involve oxygen therapy and hospitalization.

Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can cause headaches, particularly in the back of the head. Other symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness.

If you have hypertension, work with your healthcare provider to manage your blood pressure through lifestyle changes, medication, or a combination of both.

Rebound Headaches

Rebound headaches can occur when you overuse pain medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen. These headaches may be dull or throbbing and typically occur more frequently and become more severe with time.

If you experience rebound headaches, talk to your healthcare provider about how to manage your pain without the use of over-the-counter medications.

Traumatic Brain Injuries

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can occur as a result of a blow or jolt to the head, such as in a car accident or a fall. One of the symptoms of a TBI can be a headache, which may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, confusion, and loss of consciousness.

If you sustain a head injury, seek medical attention immediately. Treatment for a TBI may vary depending on the severity of the injury and may include medication, rest, or surgery.

Sinus Infections

Sinus infections can cause headaches, particularly around the sinus area, which is located above the eyebrows and around the temples. Other symptoms of a sinus infection may include facial pain, nasal congestion, cough, and fever.

If you think you may have a sinus infection, see your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Treatment may include antibiotics, decongestants, or nasal sprays.