Cervical cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common cancer overall. The good news is that early detection can increase the chance of survival and reduce the risk of complications. In fact, if cervical cancer is detected early, it can be cured in 90% of cases.
This article will explore the various methods of early detection of cervical cancer and how they can help women stay healthy.
Pap Smear Test
The Pap smear test, also known as Pap test, is a simple and effective screening test for the early detection of cervical cancer. During the test, a healthcare provider collects a small sample of cells from the cervix using a speculum and a brush.
The cells are then sent to a laboratory for examination under a microscope. The test can detect abnormal cells in the cervix before they become cancerous.
HPV Test
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause cervical cancer. The HPV test is a screening test that can detect the presence of HPV in the cervix. The test is usually performed along with the Pap smear test.
Women who test positive for HPV may need further testing or follow-up care.
Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA)
Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is a low-cost and simple screening test that can detect precancerous lesions of the cervix. During the test, a healthcare provider applies a solution of acetic acid to the cervix.
The solution causes abnormal cells to turn white, which can be seen with the naked eye. If abnormal cells are detected, further testing or treatment may be needed.
Visual Inspection with Lugol’s Iodine (VILI)
Visual inspection with Lugol’s iodine (VILI) is another simple and low-cost screening test for the early detection of cervical cancer. During the test, a healthcare provider applies a solution of Lugol’s iodine to the cervix.
Normal cells turn brown, while abnormal areas remain unstained. If abnormal areas are detected, further testing or treatment may be needed.
Colposcopy
Colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure that can detect abnormal cells in the cervix. During the procedure, a healthcare provider uses a special instrument called a colposcope to examine the cervix.
If abnormal areas are detected, a biopsy may be performed to determine if cancer is present. Colposcopy is usually recommended for women who have an abnormal Pap smear test or who have tested positive for HPV.
Cervical Biopsy
A cervical biopsy is a procedure that involves removing a small sample of cervical tissue for examination under a microscope. The biopsy can determine if cancer is present and, if so, what type of cancer it is.
There are several types of cervical biopsies, including punch biopsy, cone biopsy, and endocervical curettage.
HPV Vaccination
HPV vaccination is a preventive measure that can reduce the risk of cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine is recommended for girls and boys aged 11 or 12 years, but it can be given as early as 9 years of age and as late as 26 years of age.
The vaccine is most effective when given before the start of sexual activity and before exposure to HPV.
Conclusion
Early detection is crucial for the successful treatment of cervical cancer. Women should talk to their healthcare providers about the various screening tests and vaccination options that are available to them.
With proper screening and follow-up care, cervical cancer can be detected early in 90% of cases, which can significantly increase the chance of survival and improve the quality of life.
