Cervical cancer is a devastating disease that affects women worldwide, with an estimated 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths annually.

The good news, however, is that cervical cancer is largely preventable through early detection and effective treatment. This article will discuss the importance of cervical cancer screening, including the reasons why early detection is critical in saving lives.

What is cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer occurs when cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina, grow abnormally and out of control.

These abnormal cells may eventually form a tumor and invade nearby tissues, potentially spreading to other parts of the body.

Why is early detection important?

Unlike many other cancers, cervical cancer often does not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. This is why regular screening is so crucial.

When cervical cancer is detected early, it is highly treatable, with a 92% five-year survival rate for those diagnosed with early-stage disease. However, when cervical cancer is caught in its later stages, the survival rate drops significantly.

Who should get screened?

The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that all women begin cervical cancer screening at age 21. Women aged 21 to 29 should have a Pap test every three years.

Women aged 30 to 65 should have a Pap test plus an HPV test (which checks for the presence of the human papillomavirus, a common cause of cervical cancer) every five years, or a Pap test alone every three years. Women over 65 who have had regular screenings in the past and have had normal results may be able to stop screening. Women who have had a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix) may also be able to stop screening.

What are the types of screening tests?

Pap test and HPV test are the two types of cervical cancer screening tests.

Pap test

A Pap test involves the collection of cells from the cervix to be examined for abnormalities under a microscope. A Pap test can identify the presence of abnormal cells, but it cannot confirm the presence of cancer.

If abnormal cells are found, a follow-up test or biopsy is usually recommended.

HPV test

An HPV test, on the other hand, checks for the presence of the human papillomavirus, which can cause cervical cancer.

HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the United States, and it is estimated that about 80% of sexually active women will get an HPV infection at some point in their lives. An HPV test is often done at the same time as a Pap test. If abnormal cells are found or an HPV test is positive, further testing or treatment may be recommended.

What can affect the accuracy of cervical cancer screening?

Several factors can affect the accuracy of cervical cancer screening, including:.

Not having regular screenings
Misinterpretation of test results
Sampling errors
Human error

What are the treatment options for cervical cancer?

Treatment for cervical cancer will depend on the stage and type of cancer, as well as other factors such as age and overall health. Treatment may include:.

Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Targeted therapy

Conclusion

Cervical cancer screening is crucial for the early detection and treatment of cervical cancer.

Regular screening, along with lifestyle modifications and vaccination (against human papillomavirus), can help prevent or detect cervical cancer in its early stages. Early detection saves lives, and you can do your part by prioritizing your cervical cancer screening.