Eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes irritation, inflammation, and itching. It affects individuals of all ages and can be due to certain triggers such as environmental factors, genetics, or certain foods.

In this article, we will explore the causes and treatments of eczema.

: Causes of Eczema

: Genetics

Research has identified that eczema runs in families. This suggests that it may be linked to genetics such as mutations in a gene that regulates the skin’s protective barrier.

Mutation in the filaggrin gene causes the skin to lose its moisture, making it more prone to irritation and inflammation.

: Allergies

Allergies are a common trigger of eczema. Individuals with eczema often have other allergic conditions like asthma and hay fever. Certain allergenic substances like pet hair, pollen, dust, soap, and perfumes can trigger an eczema flare-up.

: Environmental factors

Environmental factors like weather and humidity can cause eczema. Cold and dry air in winter can make the skin drier, leading to itching and inflammation.

On the other hand, humid and hot weather can cause sweating, leading to skin irritation and eczema flare-ups.

: Stress

Stress is a trigger for many skin conditions including eczema. Stress hormones can cause inflammation in the body, leading to an eczema flare-up. Studies have also suggested that chronic stress can increase the risk of developing eczema.

: Treatments for Eczema

: Moisturizers

Dry skin can cause eczema and to prevent this, it is essential to keep the skin moisturized. Applying moisturizers immediately after bathing locks in moisture and helps to prevent itching.

Emollient creams contain natural oils that soothe the skin and help to maintain its natural moisture. When selecting a moisturizer, look for those that are fragrance-free and non-irritating.

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: Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that are used to treat eczema. They work by reducing inflammation and itching in the affected area.

They are available in different forms such as creams, ointments, and lotions, each formulated for different severities of eczema. High-potency corticosteroids can cause skin thinning, so it is essential to use them as directed by a dermatologist and only for short periods.

: Antihistamines

Antihistamines can help to reduce itchiness and promote sleepiness, making them particularly useful for night-time symptoms. They work by blocking histamine, a chemical that is released during an allergic reaction.

Diphenhydramine and cetirizine are common antihistamines used to treat eczema.

: Light therapy

Light therapy or phototherapy uses special types of light to treat eczema. Light therapy reduces inflammation and bacteria that cause eczema.

Ultraviolet spectrum B (UVB) phototherapy exposes the skin to ultraviolet light, which reduces inflammation and slows down the fast growth of skin cells. As a result, it reduces itching and inflammation, making eczema more manageable.

: Wet wraps

Wet wraps can be a quick and effective treatment for eczema. They work by locking in moisture, cooling the skin, and reducing irritation.

They involve wrapping the affected area in a damp bandage soaked in water or a skin-conditioning solution after applying a moisturizer. Wet wraps should be used under the guidance of a dermatologist.

: Conclusion

Eczema is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While there is no cure, it is manageable with proper care and treatment.

In addition to medical treatments, good skin care habits like using moisturizers, avoiding irritants and allergens, and managing stress can help prevent eczema flares and improve the skin’s overall health.