Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves, which is caused by bacteria or fungi. It can be life-threatening if left untreated.

The infection often occurs when bacteria or fungi enter the bloodstream and attach to damaged areas within the heart.

Causes of Endocarditis

Endocarditis can occur when bacteria or fungi enter the bloodstream through a wound, infection, or medical procedure like dental work.

People with heart conditions, such as congenital heart disease, valve defects, or artificial heart valves are at a higher risk of developing endocarditis.

Warning Signs of Endocarditis

The signs and symptoms of endocarditis may vary from person to person. Some people may not experience any symptoms at all, while others may have severe symptoms. Here are some of the warning signs of endocarditis:.

1. Fever and chills

One of the most common symptoms of endocarditis is a fever. It may also be accompanied by chills, night sweats, and general fatigue. If you have a fever that lasts for several days, see your doctor.

2. Shortness of breath

If you experience shortness of breath during physical activity or at rest, it could be a warning sign of endocarditis. This is because the infection can cause damage to the heart valves and affect its ability to pump blood efficiently.

3. Swelling in the feet, legs, or abdomen

Endocarditis can cause swelling in the feet, legs, or abdomen. This is due to the buildup of fluid in the body caused by inefficient blood pumping due to damaged heart valves.

4. Unexplained weight loss

If you experience unexplained weight loss, it could be a sign that your heart is not functioning well. Endocarditis can cause weight loss due to the body’s metabolism being affected by the infection.

5. Skin rashes or spots

Endocarditis can cause small, reddish-brown spots on the skin, known as petechiae. These spots may appear on the chest, arms, or legs. The rash can also take on the appearance of small bumps, which look similar to blisters.

The rash or spots may be a sign that the infection has spread to the skin.

6. Fatigue and weakness

Fatigue and weakness are common symptoms of endocarditis. The infection can cause the body to feel weak and tired due to the heart’s inability to pump blood efficiently.

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7. Joint and muscle pain

Endocarditis can cause joint and muscle pain, which may be mistaken for flu-like symptoms. The pain may be severe and persistent, and it may be difficult to move the joints affected.

Complications of Endocarditis

Complications of endocarditis can be severe and life-threatening. Some of the more serious complications include:.

1. Heart failure

Endocarditis can cause the heart to become weakened and less efficient in pumping blood around the body. This may lead to heart failure and the need for a heart transplant.

2. Stroke

If the infection spreads to the brain, it can cause a stroke. This can lead to paralysis and other disabilities.

3. Blood clots

Endocarditis can cause the formation of blood clots, which can travel to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or brain, and cause significant damage.

4. Kidney damage

Endocarditis can also cause kidney damage due to reduced blood flow to the kidneys.

Preventing Endocarditis

Endocarditis can be prevented by taking good care of your teeth and oral hygiene, especially if you have heart conditions. Other ways of preventing endocarditis include:.

1. Treating Infections

Treat infections promptly to avoid them spreading and causing damage to the heart valves.

2. Taking Antibiotics

People with heart conditions who are at risk of endocarditis may need to take antibiotics before undergoing medical procedures like dental work.

3. Managing Heart Conditions

If you have a heart condition, it’s essential to manage it properly with the help of a healthcare provider. This could include taking medication, undergoing surgery, or lifestyle changes like eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly.

Conclusion

Endocarditis is a severe and potentially fatal infection that can be prevented by taking good care of your teeth and oral hygiene and properly managing heart conditions.

If you experience any of the warning signs of endocarditis, see a medical professional immediately to diagnose and treat the infection and prevent complications.