The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus, which the World Health Organization (WHO) named COVID-19, has led to a worldwide public health crisis.

The virus can cause severe respiratory illness, and its symptoms range from mild (fever, cough) to severe (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome). While the virus affects people of all ages, research has established that people who have underlying health conditions are at higher risk of becoming severely ill if infected.

Endocrinological patients are one such group that needs to take extra precautions because of their increased risk of complications from COVID-19.

What are Endocrinological Diseases?

Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system. The endocrine system comprises a network of glands and organs that secrete hormones.

Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes such as growth and development, metabolism, and mood. Endocrinological diseases are conditions that arise from a malfunctioning endocrine system. Examples of endocrine disorders include:.

Diabetes mellitus
Thyroid diseases such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
Cushing’s disease
Acromegaly
Adrenal gland disorders
Pituitary gland disorders
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Endocrinological Patients and COVID-19

Endocrine disorders, particularly diabetes, are known risk factors for infectious diseases. People with diabetes have an impaired immune system, which makes them more susceptible to infections. COVID-19 is no exception.

According to reports, people with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing severe complications from COVID-19. In a study published in the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, it was found that people with diabetes who contract COVID-19 have a higher risk of developing severe complications such as pneumonia, organ failure, and death.

Other endocrinological disorders such as thyroid diseases, Cushing’s disease, and acromegaly can also increase the risk of complications from COVID-19.

For example, patients with uncontrolled thyroid diseases may have a weakened immune system and are, therefore, more susceptible to COVID-19. People with Cushing’s syndrome have a higher risk of developing severe pneumonia and respiratory failure if infected with COVID-19.

Additionally, people with acromegaly have an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, which are known risk factors for COVID-19 mortality.

Endocrinological Patients and Prevention of COVID-19

Endocrinological patients need to take precautions to reduce their risk of contracting COVID-19. The WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend the following measures to prevent COVID-19:.

Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol
Avoid touching the face, especially the mouth, nose, and eyes
Practice social distancing by staying at least 6 feet away from other people
Wear a mask or face covering when in public places or around other people
Cover the mouth and nose with a disposable tissue when coughing or sneezing
Stay home if feeling unwell

Endocrinological patients should also continue to manage their diabetes or other endocrine disorders as directed by their healthcare provider.

They should take their medications as prescribed, monitor blood sugar levels, and continue to follow a healthy diet and exercise regimen.

Conclusion

Endocrinological patients are at a higher risk of developing severe complications from COVID-19. Diabetes, in particular, is a known risk factor for severe infections.

Other endocrine disorders such as thyroid diseases, Cushing’s syndrome, acromegaly, and adrenal gland disorders can also increase the risk of complications from COVID-19. Endocrinological patients should take extra precautions to reduce their risk of contracting COVID-19.

They should follow the WHO and CDC’s guidelines for preventing COVID-19 and continue to manage their endocrine disorders as directed by their healthcare provider.