Esophageal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the esophagus, which is a tube-like structure that connects the throat and the stomach.

This type of cancer can develop in different parts of the esophagus, and it can spread to other parts of the body.

Causes of Esophageal Cancer

The exact cause of esophageal cancer is not known. However, some factors may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer:.

1. Tobacco Use

Smoking or using any tobacco products increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer. This is because tobacco can damage the cells lining the esophagus, making them more likely to become cancerous.

2. Alcohol Consumption

Heavy alcohol consumption can also increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Alcohol can irritate the cells lining the esophagus and cause inflammation that can lead to cancerous changes.

3. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD is a condition where the acidic contents of the stomach flow back up into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. Chronic GERD can lead to changes in the cells lining the esophagus that can lead to cancer.

4. Barrett’s Esophagus

Barrett’s esophagus is a condition where the cells lining the esophagus change and become more like the cells that line the intestines. This condition is often caused by chronic GERD and increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer.

5. Obesity

Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer. This is because excess body fat can put pressure on the stomach and lead to chronic acid reflux, which can cause irritation and inflammation of the esophagus.

Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer

The early stages of esophageal cancer may not cause any symptoms, but as the cancer grows and spreads, it can cause the following symptoms:.

1. Difficulty swallowing

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is one of the most common symptoms of esophageal cancer. This can happen because the cancerous cells narrow the esophagus, making it difficult for food and liquids to pass through.

2. Chest pain or discomfort

Esophageal cancer can cause chest pain or discomfort that may be mistaken for heartburn or indigestion. This pain can be felt behind the breastbone and may get worse when a person swallows.

3. Weight loss

Unintentional weight loss can occur because the cancer can make it difficult for a person to swallow and eat enough food.

4. Chronic cough or hoarseness

A chronic cough or hoarseness can occur because the cancer can irritate the vocal cords and the upper part of the respiratory system.

5. Vomiting

Vomiting can occur because the cancer can block the esophagus and prevent food and liquids from passing through.

Risk Factors of Esophageal Cancer

Several factors can increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer:.

1. Age

The risk of developing esophageal cancer increases with age. The majority of people who are diagnosed with this type of cancer are over the age of 50.