Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability that is severe enough to interfere with daily life. The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, but there are many other types as well.

Dementia can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in older adults.

Age

One of the biggest risk factors for dementia is age. As people get older, their risk of developing dementia increases. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of dementia doubles every five years after the age of 60.

In other words, someone who is 65 is twice as likely to develop dementia as someone who is 60, and someone who is 70 is twice as likely as someone who is 65.

Genetics

Another factor that can contribute to dementia risk is genetics. Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing dementia.

For example, mutations in the genes that control the production of amyloid-beta protein have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease. However, most cases of dementia are not directly caused by genetic factors, and many people with a family history of dementia never develop the condition themselves.

Education level

Studies have shown that people with higher levels of education are less likely to develop dementia. This may be because education helps to build up cognitive reserves that can help to offset the effects of age-related brain changes.

In one study, people with less than a high school education were more than twice as likely to develop dementia as those with a college degree.

Lifestyle factors

There are several lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of developing dementia. These include:.

Physical inactivity

Lack of exercise can increase the risk of dementia, possibly because physical activity helps to improve blood flow to the brain and promote the growth of new neural connections.

In one study, people who reported low levels of physical activity were more than twice as likely to develop dementia as those who reported high levels of physical activity.

Poor diet

A diet that is high in saturated fats, sugar, and processed foods can increase the risk of dementia. On the other hand, a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins may help to reduce the risk of dementia.

Smoking

Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of dementia, possibly because it can damage blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the brain.

Alcohol consumption

Drinking alcohol in moderation (one to two drinks per day) may have some protective effects on cognitive function, but heavy drinking can increase the risk of dementia.

Head injuries

Head injuries, especially those that involve loss of consciousness, can increase the risk of dementia. This may be because head injuries can cause damage to brain cells and disrupt neural connections.