Gout is a type of arthritis that is caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of urate crystals in the joints. This can result in sudden and severe pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area.

While there are many factors that contribute to the development of gout, including genetics, certain medications, and medical conditions, diet plays a significant role. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at some of the food choices that can cause gout attacks.

Foods High in Purines

Purines are compounds found naturally in the body, and they are also found in certain foods. When purines break down in the body, they produce uric acid, which can lead to gout attacks. Foods that are high in purines include:.

Organ meats, such as liver, kidneys, and sweetbreads
Red meat, including beef, pork, and lamb
Seafood, including anchovies, sardines, mackerel, and herring
Game meats, such as venison and elk
Some vegetables, such as spinach, mushrooms, asparagus, and cauliflower

While it’s not necessary to completely eliminate these foods from your diet, it’s important to limit their consumption and to balance them with low-purine foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Alcohol

Alcohol is a major contributor to gout attacks. Not only does it increase the production of uric acid in the body, but it also impairs the kidneys’ ability to eliminate uric acid from the body.

Beer and hard liquor are particularly problematic, as they contain high levels of purines. Wine is a better choice, as it contains lower levels of purines and may even have some beneficial effects on gout symptoms. However, moderation is key, as even small amounts of alcohol can trigger a gout attack in some people.

Sugar and Processed Foods

Sugar and processed foods should be avoided by people with gout, as they can contribute to inflammation in the body and promote weight gain, which is also a risk factor for gout.

High-fructose corn syrup, in particular, has been linked to gout attacks, as it interferes with the body’s ability to eliminate uric acid. Some examples of processed foods to avoid include:.

Sodas and other sugar-sweetened beverages
Cakes, cookies, and other baked goods
Potato chips and other salty snacks
Fast food and other convenience foods

Instead, choose whole, nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats.

Sodium

High levels of sodium in the diet can increase the production of uric acid in the body and also interfere with the kidneys’ ability to eliminate uric acid. Sodium is found in many processed and packaged foods, including:.

Canned soups and broths
Processed meats, such as deli meat and sausage
Cheese and other dairy products
Snack foods, such as chips and pretzels

To reduce your sodium intake, choose fresh, whole foods whenever possible and read food labels carefully. Opt for low-sodium versions of packaged foods, and avoid adding extra salt to your meals.

Caffeine

Caffeine has been shown to increase the production of uric acid in the body and may also interfere with the kidneys’ ability to eliminate uric acid.

While moderate amounts of caffeine (up to 400 milligrams per day) are generally safe for most people, those with gout may need to be more cautious. Some common sources of caffeine include:.

Coffee and tea
Soda and energy drinks
Chocolate
Some medications, such as pain relievers and cold remedies

If you have gout, talk to your doctor about whether you should limit your intake of caffeine.

Summary

Gout is a painful condition that can be triggered by certain foods. To reduce your risk of gout attacks, limit your intake of high-purine foods, alcohol, sugar, processed foods, sodium, and caffeine.

Instead, choose whole, nutrient-dense foods that support overall health.