Weight loss surgery has become a popular option for those struggling with obesity and related health issues.

These surgeries typically involve limiting the amount of food the stomach can hold, leading to significant weight loss and improved overall health. In this comprehensive guide, we will overview two popular types of weight loss surgery: bariatric surgery and gastric sleeve surgery.

What is Bariatric Surgery?

Bariatric surgery is a type of weight loss surgery that involves altering the digestive system to limit the amount of food the stomach can hold and the body can absorb. There are several types of bariatric surgery, including:.

Gastric bypass surgery
Gastric banding surgery
Duodenal switch surgery
Biliopancreatic diversion surgery

All types of bariatric surgery involve reducing the size of the stomach and/or bypassing a portion of the small intestine to limit absorption of calories.

Bariatric surgery is typically reserved for those with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or a BMI of 35 or higher with one or more related health conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.

What is Gastric Sleeve Surgery?

Gastric sleeve surgery, also known as sleeve gastrectomy, is a type of weight loss surgery that involves removing a portion of the stomach to create a smaller, banana-shaped stomach.

This limits the amount of food the stomach can hold and leads to significant weight loss. Unlike bariatric surgery, gastric sleeve surgery does not involve altering the digestive system’s path or creating a bypass around it.

It was originally developed as the first step in a two-part weight loss surgery, but is now commonly performed as a standalone procedure.

How is Bariatric Surgery Performed?

Bariatric surgery can be performed as a minimally invasive laparoscopic procedure or as an open surgery.

During the procedure, the surgeon will make several small incisions in the abdomen and insert a laparoscope, a long, thin tube with a camera and surgical instruments attached. The surgeon will then use the camera to see inside the abdomen and perform the surgery through the small incisions.

The specific type of bariatric surgery will determine which parts of the stomach and/or small intestine are altered.

For example, gastric bypass surgery involves dividing the stomach into a small upper pouch and a larger lower pouch, and then rerouting the small intestine directly to the upper pouch. This limits the amount of food that enters the small intestine and reduces the number of calories the body can absorb.

How is Gastric Sleeve Surgery Performed?

Gastric sleeve surgery is also typically performed as a minimally invasive laparoscopic procedure.

During the procedure, the surgeon will make several small incisions in the abdomen and insert a laparoscope to guide the removal of a portion of the stomach. The remaining stomach will be stapled closed to create a smaller, banana-shaped stomach. The procedure typically takes about an hour to complete, and patients can expect to spend one or two nights in the hospital.

Potential Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, there are potential risks and complications associated with both bariatric surgery and gastric sleeve surgery. These may include:.

Bleeding
Infection
Complications related to anesthesia
Blood clots
Lung problems
Leakage of stomach contents
Dumping syndrome
Malnutrition
Gallstones
Acid reflux

Additionally, weight loss surgery may lead to a significant lifestyle change, and patients must commit to a healthy diet and exercise regimen post-surgery.

Expected Weight Loss

Bariatric surgery typically leads to an average weight loss of 50% to 80% of excess body weight within the first two years post-surgery.

Gastric sleeve surgery leads to an average weight loss of about 60% of excess body weight within the first year post-surgery. The amount of weight lost will depend on the individual, their starting weight, and their adherence to post-surgery diet and exercise recommendations.

Is Weight Loss Surgery Right for You?

Weight loss surgery can be a life-changing option for those struggling with obesity and related health issues.

However, it is important to consult with a qualified surgeon and carefully consider the potential risks and complications before opting for surgery. Additionally, weight loss surgery should only be used as an option for individuals who have attempted to lose weight through lifestyle changes but have been unsuccessful.

The Bottom Line

Bariatric surgery and gastric sleeve surgery are both effective options for significant weight loss and improved overall health.

While bariatric surgery involves altering the digestive system to limit the amount of food the stomach can hold and the body can absorb, gastric sleeve surgery involves removing a portion of the stomach to create a smaller, banana-shaped stomach. Both procedures come with potential risks and complications, but can lead to significant weight loss and lifestyle improvements when approached carefully and with the assistance of a qualified healthcare team.