Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, the tube connecting the mouth with the stomach.

A little reflux is normal, but when it happens frequently, it can be a warning sign of a more serious problem. In this article, we will explore the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for GERD.

What are the symptoms of GERD?

The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn. This is a burning sensation that usually occurs in the chest and can move up to the neck or throat. Other symptoms include:.

acid regurgitation
difficulty swallowing
chronic cough
hoarseness or sore throat
chest pain

What are the causes of GERD?

There are several factors that can increase your risk for GERD, including:.

being overweight
smoking
eating large meals or lying down right after a meal
pregnancy
hiatal hernia
connective tissue disorders
scleroderma

How is GERD diagnosed?

If you are experiencing symptoms of GERD, your doctor may perform several tests to diagnose the condition, including:.

upper endoscopy – a thin tube with a camera is inserted through your mouth and into your esophagus to look for signs of inflammation or damage
barium swallow – a series of x-rays are taken after you drink a barium solution to help your doctor see any abnormalities in your esophagus
esophageal manometry – a thin tube is inserted through your nose and into your esophagus to measure the contractions of your esophageal muscles

What are the treatment options for GERD?

Treatment for GERD can include lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery. Some lifestyle changes that can help relieve symptoms include:.

eating smaller meals
avoiding trigger foods and drinks, such as caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods
avoiding lying down right after a meal
losing weight if you are overweight

Medications that can help relieve GERD symptoms include:.

antacids – neutralize stomach acid and provide temporary relief
proton pump inhibitors – reduce the production of stomach acid and promote healing of the esophagus
H2 receptor blockers – reduce the amount of acid produced by the stomach

Surgery is a last resort treatment option for GERD and is usually only considered if other treatments have not been effective.

The most common surgery for GERD is a Nissen fundoplication, which involves wrapping the upper part of the stomach around the lower esophageal sphincter to strengthen it and prevent reflux.

When should you see a doctor?

If you are experiencing symptoms of GERD, it is important to see a doctor. Chronic acid reflux can cause long-term damage to the esophagus, including narrowing, ulcers, and even cancer.

In addition, GERD can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma and pneumonia.

Conclusion

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Fortunately, there are a variety of treatment options available to help manage symptoms and minimize long-term damage.

If you are experiencing symptoms of GERD, don’t ignore them – see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.