High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a common health problem that affects millions of people around the world.

It occurs when the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high, which can lead to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

What are the causes of high blood pressure?

There are a number of risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing high blood pressure, including:.

Being overweight or obese
Not getting enough physical activity
Eating a diet that is high in sodium (salt)
Consuming too much alcohol
Smoking cigarettes or using tobacco products
Having a family history of high blood pressure

In some cases, high blood pressure can also be caused by underlying medical conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders or sleep apnea.

What are the symptoms of high blood pressure?

High blood pressure is often referred to as the ‘silent killer’ because it typically does not have any noticeable symptoms.

This is why regular blood pressure checks are so important, especially if you have one or more of the risk factors listed above.

How is high blood pressure diagnosed?

The only way to accurately diagnose high blood pressure is to have your blood pressure checked by a healthcare professional. This can be done using a simple inflatable cuff that is placed around your arm while you sit quietly for a few minutes.

Your blood pressure reading will be given as two numbers – the first (systolic) number measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats and the second (diastolic) number measures the pressure in your arteries between beats.

What are the treatment options for high blood pressure?

If you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, your doctor may recommend a combination of lifestyle changes and medication to help lower your blood pressure and reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke.

: Lifestyle changes include

Losing weight if you are overweight or obese
Exercising regularly (aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week)
Eating a healthy, balanced diet that is low in sodium and high in fruits, vegetables and whole grains
Reducing your alcohol intake
Quitting smoking or using tobacco products

: Medications for high blood pressure include

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Calcium channel blockers
Beta-blockers
Diuretics

Your doctor will work with you to determine the best treatment plan based on your individual needs and medical history.

How can I prevent high blood pressure?

The good news is that there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing high blood pressure:.

Maintain a healthy weight
Exercise regularly
Eat a healthy, balanced diet that is low in sodium and high in fruits, vegetables and whole grains
Avoid or limit alcohol consumption
Stop smoking or using tobacco products

It’s also important to have your blood pressure checked regularly, especially if you have a family history of high blood pressure or other risk factors.

The Bottom Line

High blood pressure is a serious health condition that can lead to heart disease and stroke if left untreated. However, with the right lifestyle changes and medications, it can be managed effectively.

Speak with your doctor if you are concerned about your blood pressure or have any questions about your treatment options.