As we age, our risk of developing dementia increases. However, new research suggests that high blood sugar levels in middle age may also play a role in the development of this debilitating condition.

What is Dementia?

Dementia is a general term that refers to a decline in cognitive abilities, such as memory, language, and reasoning.

It is a progressive condition that affects a person’s ability to carry out daily activities and can ultimately lead to a loss of independence. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for around 60-80% of all cases.

What is High Blood Sugar?

High blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, occurs when there is too much glucose (sugar) in the blood.

This can be caused by various factors, including a lack of insulin (which is responsible for transporting glucose out of the blood and into the cells), insulin resistance (where the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin), or a combination of both.

The Link Between High Blood Sugar and Dementia

Recent studies have suggested that high blood sugar levels may be a risk factor for dementia.

A 2018 study published in the journal Diabetologia found that people with higher blood sugar levels had a greater risk of developing dementia, even if they did not have diabetes. The study followed more than 5,000 participants over a 10-year period and found that those with the highest blood sugar levels were 18% more likely to develop dementia than those with the lowest levels.

Another study, published in JAMA Internal Medicine in 2020, also found a link between high blood sugar and dementia.

The study followed nearly 5,200 participants over a 20-year period and found that those with consistently high blood sugar levels were more likely to develop dementia than those with lower levels. In fact, those with the highest blood sugar levels were 40% more likely to develop dementia than those with the lowest.

How High Blood Sugar Affects the Brain

So why might high blood sugar be linked to dementia? There are several theories. One is that high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels in the brain, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply.

This can lead to inflammation and the formation of plaques and tangles, which are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease.

Another theory is that high blood sugar can increase oxidative stress and damage to cells in the brain. This can impair the functioning of neurons and other brain cells, leading to cognitive decline.

Preventing High Blood Sugar and Dementia

The good news is that there are steps you can take to prevent high blood sugar and reduce your risk of developing dementia. These include:.

Maintaining a healthy weight: Obesity and excess body fat can increase insulin resistance, making it harder for your body to process glucose.
Eating a healthy diet: Avoid sugary and processed foods, and opt for a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Exercising regularly: Physical activity can help improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels.
Managing stress: Chronic stress can raise blood sugar levels, so finding healthy ways to manage stress can be beneficial.
Managing other health conditions: Certain conditions, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, can increase your risk of developing dementia. Managing these conditions can help reduce your risk.

Conclusion

The link between high blood sugar and dementia may be concerning, but it also offers an opportunity for prevention. By making healthy lifestyle choices and managing other health conditions, we can help protect our brains as we age.