High levels of “Good” cholesterol (HDL) is often considered as a sign of good health, but is it always advantageous for the body? HDL is a high-density lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the arteries to the liver, where it is either broken down or excreted. In this article, we explore the implications of having elevated levels of HDL and if it warrants concern.

What is “good” cholesterol?

There are two types of cholesterol – Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

LDL is commonly referred to as “bad” cholesterol as it can accumulate in the bloodstream and cause blockages in the arteries, leading to heart attack and stroke. Contrarily, HDL is considered “good” cholesterol as it carries cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver.

Should high levels of “good” cholesterol be a concern?

While high levels of HDL are often considered as a positive and desirable characteristic, there is growing research that it might not always be as beneficial as one would think.

For example, a study conducted in 2018 by the University of Copenhagen in Denmark suggests that women with elevated levels of HDL are more prone to heart disease and premature death compared to their male counterparts.

In addition, individuals with genetically high levels of HDL have been shown to have a higher risk of developing heart diseases tied to inflammation.

For instance, a study of over 300,000 individuals found that those with genetically high HDL cholesterol levels had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those without the common genetic variants.

Furthermore, the rise in HDL levels is often associated with poor lifestyle habits such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise. These risk factors could lead to inflammation and thus increase the risk of heart disease.

What is a healthy level of HDL?

The American Heart Association recommends a target HDL level of 40mg/dL or higher for men and 50mg/dL or higher for women.

However, medical professionals may wish to consider an individual’s overall health status and medical history when interpreting HDL levels.

What factors influence HDL levels?

Several factors can affect HDL levels, including genetics, exercise, diet, medications, and health issues. Individuals with a family history of high HDL levels may have genetically determined higher levels of HDL.

On the other hand, unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, consuming an unhealthy diet high in saturated and trans fats and refined carbohydrates, and lack of physical activity can negatively affect HDL levels.

Certain medications such as niacin and fibrates can help raise HDL levels, while others such as anabolic steroids and progestins may decrease it.

Health complications such as type-2 diabetes, obesity, and an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) can also lower HDL levels.

How can HDL levels be improved?

While genetics and certain medical conditions can be out of an individual’s control, healthy lifestyle habits can help optimize HDL levels. Here are some examples:.

Quit smoking: Smoking reduces HDL levels and causes other health complications.
Exercise regularly: Regular exercise has been shown to increase HDL levels.
Eat healthily: Consuming more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and less saturated and trans fats can boost HDL levels.
Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is linked to reduced levels of HDL cholesterol
Avoid alcohol or consume in moderation: Heavy alcohol consumption can lead to decreased HDL levels.
Consider medication: In some cases, medication such as niacin and fibrates may be prescribed by a medical professional to help raise HDL levels.

Conclusion

While high HDL levels are typically viewed as a good thing, it is essential to consider individual factors that can influence HDL levels and associated health risks.

By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, individuals can help optimize their HDL levels and improve overall cardiovascular health.