Hives, also known as urticaria, is a skin reaction characterized by raised itchy bumps that appear on the skin. These bumps can range in size and can be red, white, or skin-colored.
Hives are a common condition that affects people of all ages and can develop on any part of the body. In this article, we will discuss the causes and treatment of hives.
Causes of Hives
Hives are caused by the release of histamine, a chemical that is released from cells in the skin called mast cells. Histamine is released in response to an allergic reaction or an immune system response. The following are the most common causes of hives:.
Allergies
Allergies are the most common cause of hives. An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to a substance that is normally harmless. Common allergens that can cause hives include:.
- Food: shellfish, nuts, eggs, milk, and wheat
- Medications: antibiotics such as penicillin and aspirin
- Pollen and pet dander
Infections
Hives can also be caused by an infection. Infections that can cause hives include:.
- Viral infections: common cold, hepatitis, and Mononucleosis
- Bacterial infections: streptococcus, and urinary tract infections
- Fungal infections: ringworm, and candidiasis
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors such as extreme temperatures, stress, and sun exposure can also cause hives. This is known as physical urticaria. Common triggers include:.
- Cold and heat
- Pressure on the skin
- Sun exposure
- Water exposure
Idiopathic
In some cases, the exact cause of hives cannot be identified. This is known as idiopathic urticaria. It is estimated that up to 50% of hives cases fall into this category.
Treatment of Hives
The treatment of hives varies depending on the cause and severity of the condition. The following are some common treatment options:.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines are the most common treatment for hives. They work by blocking the effects of histamine, which reduces the intensity of the allergic reaction. There are two types of antihistamines: sedating and non-sedating.
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Sedating antihistamines can cause drowsiness and are usually taken at night. Non-sedating antihistamines can be taken during the day and do not cause drowsiness.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are a type of medication that can be used to reduce inflammation caused by hives. They are usually prescribed for short-term use and can cause side effects such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and mood changes.
Epinephrine
Epinephrine is a medication that is used in severe cases of hives. It works by reducing the swelling and inflammation caused by the allergic reaction. It is usually administered as an injection.
Avoiding Triggers
Avoiding the triggers that cause hives is an important part of managing the condition. It is important to identify the specific triggers that cause hives in each individual and avoid them if possible.
This can be done through allergy testing and keeping a diary of any symptoms that occur.
Moisturizers
Moisturizers can be used to soothe the skin and reduce the itchiness associated with hives. They should be applied after bathing or showering and throughout the day as needed. They should be gentle and fragrance-free to avoid irritating the skin further.
Conclusion
Hives can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition, but with proper treatment and management, it can be controlled. Identifying the cause of hives is an important first step in managing the condition.
Treatment options include antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine. Avoiding triggers and using moisturizers can also help manage the condition. If you are experiencing hives, it is important to see a doctor to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
