Hoarseness is a symptom that refers to a change in the voice tone and quality which makes the voice sound breathy, raspy, strained, shaky or weak.

Hoarseness can be caused by various factors, ranging from benign conditions like viral infections, overuse of the vocal cords, allergies, to more serious health problems like throat or laryngeal cancer.

Causes of Hoarseness

The most common causes of hoarseness are:.

1. Upper Respiratory Infections

Viral infections like the flu or the common cold can cause hoarseness. The inflammation of the vocal cords, which results from these infections, affects the way they vibrate, leading to a hoarse voice.

2. Overuse of the Voice

Singers, teachers, coaches, and others who use their voices excessively can develop hoarseness. Overusing the voice can cause swelling and irritation of the vocal cords which alter the sound produced.

3. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD occurs when stomach acid or food backs up into the esophagus, reaching the throat and larynx. This can cause hoarseness as acid irritates the vocal cords.

4. Allergies

People with allergies may experience hoarseness due to the postnasal drip, which irritates the throat and larynx.

5. Smoking

Smoking can cause hoarseness as it irritates the vocal cords, causing them to become inflamed and swollen.

6. Neurological Disorders

Neurological disorders, specifically conditions that cause vocal cord paralysis, can lead to hoarseness as the affected cords cannot vibrate properly.

7. Thyroid Problems

Abnormal thyroid function, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, can cause hoarseness as hormone imbalances can affect the vocal cords.

Symptoms of Hoarseness

The symptoms of hoarseness may vary slightly depending on the underlying cause, but typically include:.

1. Change in Voice Quality

Hoarseness makes the voice sound weak, scratchy, or breathy.

2. Sore Throat

The irritation caused by hoarseness can lead to a sore throat.

3. Difficulty Speaking

In some cases, hoarseness can make it harder to speak and communicate effectively.

Treatment of Hoarseness

The treatment of hoarseness depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common treatments for hoarseness:.

1. Rest Your Voice

For people who overuse their voice, resting the vocal cords is usually sufficient to improve hoarseness.

2. Drink Plenty of Fluids

Keeping the vocal cords hydrated by drinking plenty of water or other fluids can help relieve hoarseness.

3. Use a Humidifier

Dry air can irritate the vocal cords, so using a humidifier can help maintain a healthy level of moisture in the air.

4. Avoid Irritants

Avoiding irritants like alcohol, caffeine, and smoking can help relieve hoarseness by reducing the irritation on the vocal cords.

5. Medications

Depending on the underlying cause, medication may be prescribed for hoarseness like antibiotics, antihistamines or proton pump inhibitors.

When to See a Doctor

Hoarseness lasting for more than three weeks can be a sign of serious health problem.

You should see a doctor if hoarseness lasts for a prolonged period or is accompanied by additional symptoms like difficulty breathing or swallowing, throat pain, coughing up blood or lumps or mass in the neck.