Obesity is a growing concern worldwide and is directly linked to several chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

The incidence of adolescent obesity has been increasing in recent years, with unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles being the primary contributors. In this review, we will discuss the link between adolescent obesity and pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth in the pancreas. It is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with a five-year survival rate of only 9%.

The risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include smoking, chronic pancreatitis, family history, and obesity.

Adolescent Obesity

Adolescent obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for their age and gender.

In the US, the prevalence of adolescent obesity has tripled over the past 30 years, with approximately one in five adolescents being classified as obese. This is concerning, as obesity during adolescence can lead to several health problems throughout the lifespan.

Increased Risk of Pancreatic Cancer

Several studies have investigated the link between obesity and pancreatic cancer.

A 2018 study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that adolescent obesity is associated with a 4-fold increase in the risk of developing pancreatic cancer later in life. Similarly, a 2016 meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies found that obesity during adolescence is associated with a 49% increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

Mechanisms of Increased Risk

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the link between adolescent obesity and pancreatic cancer. Firstly, obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, which can promote the development of cancerous cells.

Secondly, obesity is associated with insulin resistance and increased levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which can promote the growth of cancer cells. Finally, obesity is associated with alterations in gut microbiota, which can promote the development of pancreatic cancer.

Prevention and Treatment

The best way to prevent adolescent obesity and reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer is through lifestyle modifications.

Healthy eating habits and regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight, reduce inflammation, and improve insulin sensitivity. Additionally, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake can also reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.

If you are already obese, it is never too late to make healthy changes. A multidisciplinary approach, including dietitians, physical therapists, and psychologists, can help promote healthy lifestyle changes and improve outcomes.

Conclusion

Adolescent obesity is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. This risk can be reduced by making healthy lifestyle changes, including healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake.

While the link between adolescent obesity and pancreatic cancer is concerning, it is important to remember that a healthy lifestyle can go a long way in preventing chronic illnesses and promoting overall health and wellbeing.