Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that involve disordered eating behaviors and a distorted perception of body weight and shape. They can affect individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds.

Common types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder.

The Effects of Eating Disorders on Teeth

While the physical and psychological consequences of eating disorders are well-known, their impact on oral health is often overlooked. However, eating disorders can have severe consequences for teeth and overall oral health.

Here are some ways in which eating disorders affect teeth:.

1. Tooth Erosion

Individuals with eating disorders, particularly those who frequently induce vomiting, are at a higher risk of tooth erosion. The stomach acid present in vomit can erode tooth enamel, leading to thinning and weakening of the teeth.

Over time, this can result in increased tooth sensitivity, tooth discoloration, and even tooth loss.

2. Dental Caries

People with eating disorders often consume excessive amounts of sugary, acidic, or high-carbohydrate foods and beverages during binge eating episodes.

This constant exposure to food substances that promote bacteria growth can increase the risk of dental caries (tooth decay). Cavities may develop in both the front and back teeth, causing pain, sensitivity, and the need for fillings or other dental treatments.

3. Dry Mouth

Inadequate nutritional intake and dehydration, which often accompany eating disorders, can lead to dry mouth. Dry mouth is a condition in which the salivary glands do not produce enough saliva to keep the mouth moist.

Apart from discomfort, a dry mouth can also contribute to tooth decay and gum disease, as saliva plays a vital role in neutralizing acids and washing away food particles and bacteria.

4. Gum Disease

Malnutrition and poor oral hygiene due to eating disorders weaken the immune system and impair the body’s ability to fight off infections, including gum disease.

Additionally, the excessive consumption of sugary and acidic foods can contribute to gum inflammation and periodontal disease. Gum disease can cause gum recession, tooth loss, and other oral health issues if left untreated.

5. Weakened Tooth Enamel

A diet lacking in essential nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, can weaken tooth enamel and make teeth more susceptible to cavities, fractures, and other dental problems.

As a result, individuals with eating disorders may experience more dental complications compared to those with a well-balanced diet.

6. Sensitivity to Temperature and Texture

Tooth erosion caused by stomach acid can result in increased tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and beverages.

Additionally, changes in tooth enamel thickness due to malnutrition can lead to discomfort when consuming certain textures, such as hard or crunchy foods. These sensitivities can further impact an individual’s ability to maintain a healthy and balanced diet.

7. Oral Infections

Diminished immunity resulting from poor nutrition and an imbalanced diet can make individuals with eating disorders more prone to oral infections.

Infections such as oral thrush (yeast infection), canker sores, and fungal infections can occur more frequently and may require treatment with medications and oral hygiene measures.

8. Misaligned Bite

Long-term malnutrition and its impact on jaw development can lead to misalignment of the bite (malocclusion).

Malocclusion can cause difficulties in chewing and speaking, as well as put unnecessary stress on certain teeth, leading to potential damage or tooth wear.

9. Weakened Immune System

Overall, the weakened immune system resulting from nutrient deficiencies and the physical toll of eating disorders can hinder the body’s ability to heal oral wounds, fight infections, and maintain optimal oral health.

It is important for individuals with eating disorders to receive comprehensive dental care and work closely with a healthcare team that addresses both their physical and mental well-being.

10. Damaged Restorations

Coexisting behaviors such as tooth grinding (bruxism) and purging can damage existing dental restorations, such as fillings and crowns.

Excessive force or consistent exposure to stomach acid can weaken and deteriorate these restorations, necessitating additional dental work.

Conclusion

Eating disorders have grave consequences, not only for an individual’s physical and mental health but also for their oral health.

Tooth erosion, dental caries, dry mouth, gum disease, weakened tooth enamel, and various other oral health issues are common effects of eating disorders. It is crucial for individuals suffering from eating disorders to seek professional help, including dental care, to mitigate these oral health risks and work towards overall recovery.