Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder that affects millions of people in the United States. It is a condition in which breathing is briefly and repeatedly interrupted during sleep.

People with sleep apnea may develop several health problems that could ultimately affect their lifespans. This article highlights the risks and consequences of sleep apnea.

Overview of Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing, or shallow breaths, during sleep. These interruptions in breathing may occur hundreds of times in a single night and may last for a few seconds or longer.

Sleep apnea can be classified into three types: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), and complex sleep apnea syndrome (also known as treatment-emergent central sleep apnea).

OSA is the most common type of sleep apnea. It occurs when the muscles in the back of the throat fail to keep the airway open during sleep. CSA, on the other hand, happens when the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe.

Complex sleep apnea syndrome, also known as mixed sleep apnea, is a combination of both OSA and CSA.

Risks Associated with Sleep Apnea

When left untreated, sleep apnea can lead to several short-term and long-term health risks. The risks associated with sleep apnea include:.

1. High Blood Pressure

People with sleep apnea often experience high blood pressure, which increases the risk of stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease.

The regular interruptions in breathing triggered by sleep apnea can cause the body to release stress hormones that increase blood pressure.

2. Diabetes

Sleep apnea may also lead to insulin resistance, a precursor to type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance occurs when cells in the body stop responding to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.

As a result, glucose builds up in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.

3. Cardiovascular Disorders

Sleep apnea is associated with several cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke.

The frequent interruptions in breathing during sleep can lower oxygen levels in the blood, straining the heart and causing it to work harder. This increased strain on the heart can lead to heart failure, a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

4. Depression and Anxiety

People with sleep apnea may also experience mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. The disrupted sleep caused by sleep apnea can lead to exhaustion, irritability, and memory problems, which can ultimately affect a person’s mental health.

5. Cognitive Decline

Sleep apnea has been linked to cognitive decline, memory problems, and dementia.

The interrupted sleep caused by sleep apnea can affect the brain’s ability to consolidate memories and recall information, leading to cognitive impairments over time.

Treatment Options for Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea can be effectively managed with proper treatment. The most common methods for treating sleep apnea include:.

1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A CPAP machine delivers a continuous stream of air pressure to keep the airway open during sleep. The machine includes a mask that is worn over the nose and mouth or just the nose.

2. Oral Appliances

Oral appliances are designed to keep the airway open by holding the tongue or jaw forward. They are similar to a mouthguard and usually prescribed by a dentist or sleep specialist.

3. Surgery

Surgery may be an option for people with severe sleep apnea who do not respond to other treatments. The most common types of surgery for sleep apnea include uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), maxillomandibular advancement (MMA), and tracheostomy.

Conclusion

Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that can ultimately affect a person’s lifespan. The short-term and long-term health risks of sleep apnea are numerous, and it is crucial to seek treatment when diagnosed.

With proper treatment, people with sleep apnea can manage their symptoms and reduce the risk of developing associated health problems.