Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition when the contents of the stomach move back up into the esophagus and irritate the lining.

While it is common in adults, it can also occur in infants, and it is often referred to as infant reflux or infant acid reflux. Infants are prone to GERD as their digestive system is not fully developed, making it easier for the stomach contents to flow back up into their mouth.

Infant GERD can be a cause of discomfort for both babies and parents. It can interfere with their sleep and feeding patterns, and lead to other complications if left untreated.

That is why it is important to identify the symptoms of GERD in infants early on, and seek medical advice if necessary.

How to Identify Infant GERD Symptoms

1. Frequent Spitting Up or Vomiting

Babies often spit up small amounts of milk after feeding, which is normal. However, if the baby repeatedly spits up or vomits large amounts, it could be a sign of GERD.

The vomit may contain curdled milk or appear bloody or greenish in color, indicating that the stomach acid has irritated the esophagus.

2. Irritability or Crying During or After Feeds

Babies with GERD may become fussy or irritable during or after feeding. The discomfort caused by acid reflux can cause them to pull away from the breast or bottle, or refuse to eat altogether.

The crying and fussiness may last for several hours, often making it difficult for parents to soothe them.

3. Arching of the Back or Neck

Babies with GERD commonly arch their back or neck during or after feeding, usually indicating discomfort or pain. This posture helps them to keep the stomach contents down and prevent reflux.

As a result, they may become stiff and resistant to cuddling or holding.

4. Poor Weight Gain or Weight Loss

Infants with GERD may have trouble gaining weight or may even lose weight due to constant spitting up or refusal to eat. The loss of nutrients and calories can affect their growth and development.

Therefore, frequent tracking of their weight is crucial along with proper attention to diet.

5. Coughing, Wheezing, or Breathing Problems

GERD can cause coughing, wheezing, or breathing difficulties in infants. The stomach acid can irritate the throat and lungs, causing inflammation and narrowing of airways, making breathing more difficult.

If your baby is having breathing difficulties then it’s necessary to inform your doctor.

6. Choking or Gagging

Infants with GERD may experience choking or gagging during or after feeding, which is a result of the stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus and irritating the lining. This can be a serious issue and it’s necessary to consult a doctor.

7. Hiccups or Episodes of Quiet Gagging

Hiccups and episodes of quiet gagging are common in infants with GERD, as they are a result of the stomach contents irritating the esophagus and throat. These episodes can last for several minutes, making it difficult for the baby to breathe properly.

Parents should take care during feeding and feeding methods to reduce such events.

8. Disturbed Sleep Patterns

Babies with GERD may have trouble sleeping due to discomfort caused by acid reflux, especially at night. They may wake up frequently during the night or have difficulty falling asleep, leading to fatigue and irritability.

Careful attention should be given to conducive sleeping environment for helping infants.

9. Refusal to Lie Flat

Babies with GERD may refuse to lie flat on their back as it can cause the stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.

They may prefer to be held upright or in a slightly reclined position, making the reflux less severe, and making it easier to sleep or feed.

10. Excessive Drooling or Saliva

Babies with GERD may produce excessive drooling or saliva, which is a result of the stomach acid irritating the esophagus and triggering an increase in saliva production.

Excessive drooling or saliva production can lead to skin irritation and discomfort for the baby.

If you observe any of the above symptoms in your baby, it’s important to consult your pediatrician and decide the right course of treatment because special attention and care is needed for infants.

GERD can be serious if left untreated, leading to more complex health issues.