Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that predominantly affects young people, particularly girls and women.

It is caused by certain types of bacterial infections, most commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria. While TSS can affect anyone, it has been strongly linked to the use of super-absorbent tampons and menstrual cups, as well as the presence of staph bacteria on the skin or in wounds.

The Signs and Symptoms of TSS

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of TSS is crucial in order to seek medical help promptly. The common symptoms of TSS include:.

High fever (above 102°F/39°C)
Sudden onset of flu-like symptoms, such as headache, muscle aches, and sore throat
Vomiting or diarrhea
Widespread red rash that resembles sunburn, particularly on the palms of hands and soles of feet
Low blood pressure leading to dizziness and fainting
Confusion or disorientation

It is essential to understand that not all symptoms may be present in every case of TSS, and for some individuals, the symptoms may be mild.

However, if you suspect TSS, it is vital to seek immediate medical attention, as the condition can rapidly progress.

Reducing the Risk of TSS

Although TSS is rare, it is important to take preventative measures to reduce the risk, especially among young people who are more vulnerable to the condition. Here are some tips to help keep young people safe from TSS:.

1. Avoid Using Super-Absorbent Tampons

Super-absorbent tampons are specifically designed to hold more menstrual blood. However, they can also increase the risk of TSS by creating an environment that promotes bacterial growth.

Encourage the use of lower absorbency tampons or alternative menstrual products like menstrual cups or period underwear.

2. Change Tampons Regularly

Even with the use of regular absorbency tampons, it is important to change them every four to eight hours. Leaving tampons in for extended periods allows bacteria to multiply, increasing the risk of TSS.

3. Use the Lowest Absorbency Necessary

Select tampons with the lowest absorbency necessary for your flow. Avoid using tampons with higher absorbency than what is needed, as they can increase the risk of TSS.

4. Consider Alternatives

Encourage the exploration of alternative menstrual products, such as menstrual cups or period underwear. These products do not carry the same TSS risk associated with tampons.

5. Maintain Good Hygiene

Practicing good hygiene is crucial in reducing the risk of TSS. Encourage regular handwashing with soap and warm water, especially before and after inserting or removing tampons.

Additionally, remind young people to clean their genital area thoroughly during their period.

6. Be Mindful of Potential Risks

Inform young people about the potential risks associated with TSS. Educate them about the signs and symptoms, emphasizing the importance of seeking medical attention if they suspect TSS.

7. Avoid Using Tampons Overnight

It is generally recommended to avoid using tampons overnight. Young people should consider using sanitary pads or alternative menstrual products during sleep to lower the risk of TSS.

8. Regularly Change Menstrual Cups

If using menstrual cups as an alternative, remind young people to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper use and cleaning. It is essential to empty and clean the cup regularly to prevent bacterial growth.

9. Proper Wound Care

Ensure any wounds, including cuts or burns, are properly cleaned, treated, and covered with appropriate dressings. This reduces the risk of staph bacteria entering the body, leading to TSS.

10. Stay Informed and Educated

Stay updated on the latest information regarding TSS prevention and educate young people about the condition. Encourage open conversations about menstrual health and hygiene to help young people make informed choices.