Hyperthermia and fever are both medical terms used to describe an elevated body temperature, but they are not interchangeable. Knowing the difference between the two can help you determine when it’s time to seek medical attention.

What is Hyperthermia?

Hyperthermia is a medical emergency in which the body’s temperature rises above the normal range, usually above 104°F (40°C). Hyperthermia can be caused by exposure to extreme heat or by overexertion in hot weather.

It can also be caused by certain medical conditions, such as malignant hyperthermia, which is a rare but life-threatening reaction to anesthesia.

Symptoms of hyperthermia can include dehydration, headache, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, and confusion. Severe cases of hyperthermia can lead to seizures, coma, and even death.

What is Fever?

Fever is a common symptom of many illnesses, including the flu, pneumonia, and COVID-19. Fever occurs when the body’s temperature rises above its normal range, usually 98.6°F (37°C).

The body’s immune system raises the temperature to help fight off infections.

Symptoms of a fever can include sweating, chills, weakness, and fatigue. In most cases, a fever is not a serious medical condition and will go away on its own within a few days.

What Causes Hyperthermia?

Hyperthermia can be caused by a number of factors, including:.

Prolonged exposure to extreme heat
Overexertion in hot weather
Dehydration
Wearing heavy clothing in hot weather
Medical conditions such as malignant hyperthermia
Drug use, such as cocaine and amphetamines

What Causes Fever?

Fever can be caused by a number of factors, including:.

Infections, such as the flu, pneumonia, and COVID-19
Autoimmune disorders
Some medications
Cancer
Inflammatory conditions

How is Hyperthermia Treated?

Treatment for hyperthermia depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In cases of mild hyperthermia, treatment may involve rest, hydration, and staying in a cool place.

In severe cases, emergency medical treatment may be needed to lower the body’s temperature and prevent organ damage.

In cases of malignant hyperthermia, treatment may involve medication to lower the body’s temperature and stop muscle contractions. This condition is rare, but it can be life-threatening, and prompt treatment is critical.

How is Fever Treated?

In most cases, fever does not require medical treatment and will go away on its own within a few days. To relieve symptoms, over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can help reduce fever and relieve pain.

It’s important to follow the instructions on the medication label and not exceed the recommended dose.

If fever is accompanied by other symptoms, such as severe headache, difficulty breathing, or confusion, medical attention may be required. In some cases, antibiotics or other medications may be necessary to treat the underlying infection.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of hyperthermia, such as confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

If fever is accompanied by other symptoms such as severe headache, difficulty breathing, or confusion, medical attention may also be required.

It’s important to monitor body temperature and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve within a few days.

Prevention Tips

To prevent hyperthermia and fever, follow these tips:.

Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
Avoid spending prolonged periods in extreme heat
Avoid overexertion in hot weather
Dress in light, loose-fitting clothing in hot weather
Monitor body temperature and seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen

By taking these steps, you can help prevent hyperthermia and fever and stay healthy.