Hypothyroidism, also known as an underactive thyroid gland, occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough of the hormones that regulate your metabolism.
This disruption can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weight gain, and hair loss. Additionally, hypothyroidism can have a negative impact on the health of the skin.
The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Skin Health
The thyroid gland produces two main hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are essential for the healthy functioning of the body, including the skin.
T3 and T4 regulate the metabolism of skin cells, which keeps the outer layer of skin healthy and smooth.
They also play a role in the synthesis of collagen and elastin, two proteins essential for skin elasticity, hydration, and firmness.
The imbalance in these hormones due to hypothyroidism can cause skin problems from dryness and thinning to premature aging.
Risks to Skin Health Due to Hypothyroidism
Many of the skin changes in hypothyroidism occur as a result of the reduced production of T3 and T4 hormones. Some of the common skin issues seen are:.
Dry Skin
One of the most common skin problems associated with hypothyroidism is dryness. The dryness is the result of decreased sweating and a lack of moisture in the skin due to the slower metabolism of skin cells.
Thin Skin
The lack of thyroid hormones also leads to the thinning of the skin, which can cause skin to tear, bruise or look translucent.
Puffy Face
PTH (Parathyroid hormone), a hormone closely associated with the thyroid gland has a role in regulation of calcium levels in the body.
In hypothyroidism there may be an increase in the levels of PTH which can cause an accumulation of fluid in the tissues under the skin, resulting in a puffy face.
Swelling
Another common symptom of hypothyroidism that can affect the skin is swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid in the tissues.
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Thyroid Diseases and Hair Loss
Poor Wound Healing
Due to decreased metabolic functioning, wound healing may be impaired, slowing down the required process.
Treatment of Hypothyroidism and Its Impact on Skin Health
The treatment of hypothyroidism involves hormonal replacement therapy that replaces the thyroid hormones in the body to bring it to normal levels.
With hormonal balance, the skin retains its natural moisture and firmness, and may improve in appearance over time.
Management of Skin Issues with Hypothyroidism
In addition to medical treatments for hypothyroidism, certain steps can be taken to manage skin issues. These steps include:.
Moisturize the skin
Keeping the skin well-hydrated is one of the most important methods of preventing dryness and cracking, both of which can be a result of hypothyroidism.
People suffering from hypothyroidism should drink plenty of water and apply a dermatologist-approved moisturizer to the affected areas regularly.
Protect the skin from the sun
People with hypothyroidism have a higher risk of sun damage as well as skin cancer. Protective clothing such as wide hats and long sleeves and sun-screen with a minimum SPF of 30 should be worn whenever possible.
Apply creams that contain antioxidants and peptides
Antioxidants can counter the effects of free radicals, which are responsible for premature aging of the skin. Peptides can strengthen the collagen and elastin in the skin improving its elasticity and firmness.
Creams with Vitamin C, E and Retinol may help in these aspects.
The Bottom Line
Hypothyroidism can have a significant impact on the health and appearance of the skin.
By identifying the symptoms and taking steps to manage them, people with hypothyroidism can take control of their symptoms and feel more comfortable in their own skin.
