Esophageal cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a relatively rare form of cancer, but its incidence has been increasing in recent years.

Early detection is critical for successful treatment, making it essential to be aware of the signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer.

1. Difficulty Swallowing

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is one of the most common symptoms of esophageal cancer. As the tumor grows, it narrows the esophagus, making it challenging for food and liquids to pass through.

Initially, individuals may experience difficulties with solid foods and then progress to difficulties with liquids as well. This is usually a progressive symptom that worsens over time.

2. Unexplained Weight Loss

Rapid and unintentional weight loss is often an indicator of various types of cancer, including esophageal cancer. When cancer develops in the esophagus, it can lead to a decreased appetite and the inability to eat normally, resulting in weight loss.

If you experience significant weight loss without any changes to your diet or exercise routine, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

3. Persistent Indigestion or Heartburn

While occasional indigestion or heartburn is normal, experiencing persistent symptoms can be a cause for concern. Chronic acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a potential risk factor for esophageal cancer.

The frequent exposure of the esophagus to stomach acid due to these conditions can lead to changes in the lining of the esophagus, increasing the risk of developing cancer.

4. Chronic Cough or Hoarseness

A persistent cough or hoarseness that lasts for an extended period, especially if accompanied by difficulty swallowing, should not be ignored. These symptoms may be caused by irritation or obstruction in the esophagus due to a tumor.

If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice for proper evaluation.

5. Chest Pain or Pressure

Esophageal cancer can sometimes cause chest pain or pressure, which can be misinterpreted as a heart-related issue. The pain may be felt anywhere from the chest to the back and can occur during or after meals.

It is crucial to differentiate between cardiac-related chest pain and esophageal-related chest pain to receive appropriate medical attention.

6. Frequent Hiccups

While hiccups are usually benign and temporary, persistent and recurrent hiccups can be a sign of esophageal cancer. Irritation or obstruction in the esophagus can stimulate the phrenic nerve, which controls the diaphragm and can lead to hiccups.

If you experience hiccups that last for an extended period or recur frequently, it’s advisable to discuss this symptom with your healthcare provider.

7. Vomiting or Coughing up Blood

Esophageal cancer can cause bleeding, leading to the presence of blood in vomit or coughed up mucus. This symptom is known as hematemesis and should never be ignored.

If you observe blood in your vomit or mucus, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.

8. Fatigue and Weakness

Feeling excessively tired or weak can be a symptom of various medical conditions, including esophageal cancer. Anemia, which is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells, can develop due to chronic bleeding from the tumor.

This can lead to fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional to determine the cause of these symptoms.

9. Change in Voice

Esophageal cancer can sometimes exert pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which controls the vocal cords. This pressure can cause changes in voice quality, such as hoarseness or raspiness.

If you notice any unexplained changes in your voice that persist, consulting a healthcare provider is recommended.

10. Lumps or Swelling in the Neck

In some cases, esophageal cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes, causing lumps or swelling in the neck. These swollen lymph nodes are known as metastatic lymph nodes.

If you observe any unusual lumps or swelling in your neck, it is important to have them evaluated by a medical professional.