Hematocrit levels are an important measure of a person’s overall health. Hematocrit refers to the percentage of blood volume that is made up of red blood cells. A healthy hematocrit level in adults is between 35% and 50%.

Lower hematocrit levels can indicate a number of underlying health problems or lifestyle choices. Below, we will discuss some of the most common causes of low hematocrit levels.

1. Nutritional Deficiencies

One of the most common causes of low hematocrit levels is a lack of important nutrients in the body. Specifically, a lack of iron, vitamin B12, and folate can cause the body to produce fewer red blood cells.

Iron is essential for the body to produce hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in the blood. Without enough iron, the body cannot produce sufficient red blood cells, leading to anemia.

Vitamin B12 and folate are also important for red blood cell production. Without enough of these vitamins, the body cannot properly produce new red blood cells, leading to a decrease in hematocrit levels.

Low levels of these vitamins are most commonly seen in vegetarians and vegans, as well as people with certain digestive disorders that prevent proper nutrient absorption.

2. Chronic Illnesses

Another common cause of low hematocrit levels is the presence of chronic illnesses. Certain illnesses, such as kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer, can cause the body to produce fewer red blood cells and lead to anemia.

In these cases, low hematocrit levels are often a symptom of an underlying condition and may require additional testing and treatment to address.

3. Blood Loss

Blood loss, whether due to injury or a medical condition, can lead to lower hematocrit levels. When the body loses too much blood, it cannot produce enough red blood cells to compensate, leading to anemia and lower hematocrit levels.

Blood loss can be caused by a number of factors, including heavy menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and certain medications that thin the blood and increase the risk of bleeding.

4. Pregnancy

Pregnancy can also lead to lower hematocrit levels. During pregnancy, a woman’s blood volume increases to support the developing fetus.

However, the body may not produce enough new red blood cells to keep up with this increased demand, leading to lower hematocrit levels. Additionally, certain pregnancy-related conditions, such as preeclampsia, can cause a decrease in hematocrit levels.

5. Genetics

In rare cases, low hematocrit levels may be caused by genetic factors.

Certain genetic disorders, such as thalassemia and sickle cell anemia, can affect the body’s ability to produce healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia and lower hematocrit levels. These conditions are usually diagnosed early in life and require ongoing treatment and management.

6. Lifestyle Choices

In addition to these medical conditions, certain lifestyle choices can also contribute to lower hematocrit levels.

Smoking, for example, can reduce the body’s ability to transport oxygen in the blood and lead to a decrease in hematocrit levels over time. Excessive alcohol consumption can also affect the body’s ability to produce new red blood cells and lead to anemia.

Additionally, athletes and other people who engage in intense physical activity may have lower hematocrit levels.

This is because the body produces more plasma (the liquid component of blood) in response to exercise, which can dilute red blood cells and lead to a decrease in hematocrit levels. However, this is usually not a cause for concern unless hematocrit levels drop too low.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you are experiencing symptoms of low hematocrit levels, such as fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath, it is important to seek medical attention.

Your healthcare provider can perform a blood test to check your hematocrit levels and diagnose any underlying conditions that may be contributing to low levels.

Additionally, if you have been diagnosed with a chronic illness that may be affecting your hematocrit levels, it is important to follow your healthcare provider’s treatment recommendations to manage the condition and prevent further complications.

Conclusion

Low hematocrit levels can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, lifestyle choices, and genetic factors.

If you are experiencing symptoms of low hematocrit levels, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider and undergo testing to determine the underlying cause. By addressing the underlying cause of low hematocrit levels, you can improve your overall health and wellbeing.