When we think of breast cancer, the majority of people think about women being affected by it. However, male breast cancer is also a real concern that needs to be discussed and address.
Although male breast cancer occurs less frequently than female breast cancer, it is still an important issue that should be recognized. The lack of awareness of breast cancer among men and late diagnosis leaves the affected men with a fewer chance of survival.
The purpose of this article is to highlight male breast cancer and address the lack of awareness and the need for early detection.
Understanding Male Breast Cancer
Male breast cancer occurs when there is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells. The development of breast cells in men is similar to that in women. The male breast is made up of a small amount of breast tissue which is found directly behind the nipple.
Breast cancer in men affects this small amount of breast tissue which primarily consists of glandular tissue and ducts.
Like female breast cancer, male breast cancer can be invasive and can spread beyond the breast tissue. To determine the stage of cancer development, doctors usually use the TNM staging system.
The T in TNM stands for the size of the tumor, the N for any cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes and the M for distant metastasis. Through the TNM staging system, the doctor can determine the stage of the cancer and the best treatment options available to the patient.
The Causes of Male Breast Cancer
Although the exact cause of male breast cancer is unknown, there are some factors that are related to the development of the condition. One of the primary reasons for male breast cancer development is an increase in estrogen levels in their body.
Conditions such as obesity, liver disease or genetic disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome can lead to an increase in estrogen levels in men. Age is also a factor in the development of male breast cancer, as the risk of developing the condition increases with age.
Other factors associated with the development of male breast cancer include a family history of breast cancer, previous radiation exposure, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking.
A mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are a known risk factor for male breast cancer. Research has shown that these genes can be inherited from either parent.
Risk Factors of Male Breast Cancer
While breast cancer in men only accounts for about 1% of all breast cancer cases, there are various factors that can increase a man’s risk of developing the condition. Some of the main risk factors associated with male breast cancer include:.
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- Age – The risk increases as one ages
- Family history of breast cancer
- An inherited gene mutation such as BRCA1 or BRCA2
- A history of radiation exposure to the chest
- Liver disease
- Obesity
- Chronic alcohol consumption
- Estrogen therapy and exposure to estrogen in the environment, like pesticides and other pollutants
Symptoms of Male Breast Cancer
Male breast cancer symptoms are similar to female breast cancer symptoms. These symptoms include:.
- A lump or swelling in the breast or underarm area
- Nipple retraction or displacement
- Nipple discharge
- Pain in the breast or nipple area
- Red or thickened skin on or around the nipple
- An inverted nipple
If you detect any of these symptoms, it is important to see your doctor and arrange for a screening or mammogram if necessary.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Breast Cancer
When it comes to diagnosing male breast cancer, the process is similar to diagnosing female breast cancer. Firstly, the doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about personal and family history.
The next step is a mammogram, similar to the one done for women. In some cases, the doctor may request for an ultrasound, MRI, or biopsy to obtain a sample of the tissue for laboratory analysis.
If the biopsy confirms cancer, the next stage is determining the stage of cancer. The TNM system is used to determine the stage. Treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or a combination of these treatments.
The Need for Early Detection and Awareness
Early cancer detection is vital, as it increases the chances of successful treatment and survival. Men should also be more aware and vigilant about the risk of male breast cancer.
Public awareness campaigns are needed to educate men about breast cancer, its symptoms, and most importantly, the importance of early detection and examination. Men should also perform regular breast self-examination.
It is important to encourage men to speak with their doctor about breast health to better understand their risk and stress the importance of early detection.
Recent research showed that the five-year survival rate for male breast cancer was 84% among men who discovered the cancer early. This figure ranges from 64% to 20% among men who discovered breast cancer late.
Physicians should also consider including male breast cancer in their examinations and screening schedules. An increased awareness and understanding of male breast cancer can help men find the necessary support and seek treatments that they need.
Conclusion
Male breast cancer is a growing concern that needs to be addressed. Although it is less common than female breast cancer, it is still a vital issue that should be discussed.
Understanding the risk factors and symptoms, as well as the importance of early detection and regular screening, can help in the fight against male breast cancer and help save lives. Increase in awareness and screening by physicians is necessary to minimize the risk of late diagnosis and increase early diagnosis.
