Infertility affects both men and women, with the former accounting for approximately 40% of infertility cases. Undoubtedly, male infertility is a critical issue that needs to be addressed, with several causes and treatments available.

What Is Male Infertility?

Male infertility occurs when a man is unable to impregnate a woman due to a low sperm count, poor sperm quality, or both.

Infertility is also attributed to other factors, including injuries, lifestyle choices, hormonal imbalances, and anatomical disorders such as varicocele.

What Causes Male Infertility?

Several causes of male infertility include:.

Abnormal Spermatozoa

If the sperm produced is misshapen or forms abnormally, it may not be able to swim effectively through the reproductive tract, making it difficult to reach and fertilize the egg.

Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia)

Low sperm count means that the semen has fewer sperm cells than is required for fertilization.

No Sperm in the Semen (Azoospermia)

Azoospermia occurs when no sperm cells are found in the semen.

Erectile and Ejaculatory Dysfunction

Issues with achieving an erection, maintaining it during sexual intercourse, or ejaculating either too early or too late can also cause infertility.

Hormonal Imbalances

Testosterone and other sex hormones play critical roles in male fertility. High or low levels of any of these hormones, as well as a decreased ratio of one hormone to another, may cause infertility.

Anatomical Abnormalities

An anatomical defect in the male genital tract, such as a blockage, an undescended testicle, or fertility disorders such as testicular atrophy, varicoceles, or retrograde ejaculation.

Diagnosis of Male Infertility

The diagnosis of male infertility begins with a complete medical history and physical examination. The physical examination usually involves a detailed examination of the scrotum and testicles to identify any abnormalities.

A semen analysis is the most useful diagnostic tool in male infertility. Other diagnostic tests possibly include hormone testing, testicular biopsy, and genetic testing.

Treatment Options

The cause of male infertility determines the best course of treatment. The commonly used treatment options for male infertility are:.

Lifestyle Changes

Eliminating or limiting alcohol intake and smoking, exercising regularly, and improving nutrition are some necessary changes that may improve male fertility.

Surgery

Surgical intervention can correct some of the anatomical issues that contribute to infertility. Conditions like varicoceles and testicular torsion can be addressed through surgery.

Medications

Clomiphene or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is often administered to overcome hormonal imbalances. Antibiotics may be prescribed if an infection is detected.

Assisted Reproductive Techniques

Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) like Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), In vitro Fertilization (IVF), and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) are commonly used to treat infertility.

Conclusion

Male infertility may present a significant challenge to conception, but several treatment options may boost the chances of becoming pregnant.

It is essential to consult with a reproductive specialist to detect the underlying cause of infertility and subsequently choose the appropriate management strategies.