Migraines are a type of headache that can cause moderate to severe pain which can affect both adults and children.

However, children suffer from migraines too, and it can be particularly challenging for them as it can impact their daily routine and affect their performance in school. In this article, we will be discussing what migraines are, their causes and the various treatment options available for children.

What are migraines?

A migraine is not just an ordinary headache. It usually involves one side of the head, a pulsating pain, sensitivity to light and sound, and sometimes nausea. Migraines can last for several hours or even days.

Causes of migraines in children

The exact cause of migraines is not clear, but they may result from changes in the brainstem and how it interacts with the trigeminal nerve in the face, which is the fifth cranial nerve arising from the brainstem.

Other factors that may trigger migraines in children include:.

Stress
Lack of sleep
Dietary triggers such as caffeine, certain foods or food additives
Hormonal changes
Weather changes
Physical activity
External stimuli such as bright lights, loud noises, or strong smells

Symptoms of migraines in children

The symptoms of migraines in children may include:.

Severe headache, usually on one side of the head
Sensitivity to light and sound
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Blurry vision or other visual disturbances
Irritability or mood changes

Diagnosis of migraines in children

It can be challenging to diagnose migraines in children as they may struggle to describe their symptoms correctly or may not be aware of these symptoms.

Therefore, doctors may ask the parents or caregivers about the child’s symptoms, medical history and any family history of migraines. They may also conduct a physical examination and some neurological tests.

Migraine treatment options for children

The treatment for migraines in children is typically divided into two categories – preventive and abortive therapies.

Preventive therapy

The goal of preventive therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines in children. The following treatments may be recommended for children who experience frequent migraines:.

Prescription medication like antidepressant medication (amitriptyline, nortriptyline), blood pressure-lowering medication (propranolol), or antiseizure medication (topiramate)
Counseling or biofeedback
Lifestyle changes such as regular sleep patterns, a balanced diet, and avoiding triggers

Abortive therapy

The goal of abortive therapy is to stop a migraine attack once it has started. It involves the following treatments:.

Pain-relieving medication – These medications will help reduce pain from migraines. Some of the common medications used for this include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin.
Triptans – These medications, such as sumatriptan or rizatriptan, are designed to constrict blood vessels in the brain and ease swelling. They are most effective if taken at the onset of a migraine attack. However, triptans are not suitable for children under twelve years old.
Anti-nausea medication – Migraines can cause nausea and vomiting in children. Therefore, medication such as metoclopramide or prochlorperazine may be used to help alleviate these symptoms.

Conclusion

Migraines can be particularly challenging for children, but there are treatment options available to help manage this condition.

Parents and caregivers should understand the triggers, symptoms, and the available treatment options to help their children get the care they need. It is also essential to monitor your child’s response to treatment and consult a doctor if the migraine attacks become more frequent or severe.