In June 2013, the American Medical Association (AMA) officially declared obesity as a disease. The decision came after several years of debate, with the AMA’s council concluding that obesity meets the criteria to be classified as a disease.

This move has significant implications for the treatment and management of obesity, as well as for the perception of those who suffer from this condition. In this article, we will explore the reasons behind this decision, the potential benefits, and the challenges that come with this classification.

The Definition of Obesity

Before delving into the reasons for the AMA’s decision, it’s important to understand what obesity is and how it is defined. Obesity is a condition in which a person has an excessive amount of body fat that poses a health risk.

The most widely used measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), a calculation that takes into account a person’s weight and height. A BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

Obesity is associated with a wide range of health problems, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, some cancers, and joint problems. It is also linked to a shorter life expectancy and a lower quality of life.

In addition to these physical health issues, obesity can also have a profound impact on a person’s mental health, social life, and overall wellbeing. Those who are obese may face discrimination and stigma, which can further exacerbate their health problems.

Why Obesity is Now a Disease

The 2013 decision by the AMA to classify obesity as a disease was based on several factors.

One key consideration was the growing body of research that shows that obesity is not just a lifestyle choice, but a complex medical condition with biological, genetic, and environmental components. Obesity is influenced by factors such as genetics, metabolism, hormonal balance, and gut bacteria, as well as external factors such as access to healthy food, opportunities for physical activity, and stress levels.

By defining obesity as a disease, the medical community hopes to combat the stigma and blame that some people face when they struggle with weight management.

This shift in thinking reframes the narrative around obesity and recognizes that it is not just a matter of willpower or personal responsibility. Rather, obesity is a medical condition that requires treatment and support.

The Potential Benefits of This Classification

The decision to classify obesity as a disease has several potential benefits. Firstly, it may lead to greater awareness and understanding of the condition, as well as increased research funding and medical attention.

This could lead to improved treatments, medications, and prevention strategies for obesity and its related health problems.

Secondly, it may encourage insurance companies and health care providers to cover more treatments and resources for those who are obese. This could include coverage for weight loss programs, nutritional counseling, medication, and bariatric surgery.

By classifying obesity as a disease, these treatments may be viewed as medically necessary rather than optional, leading to greater access and affordability.

Finally, this classification may help reduce the stigma and discrimination that those who are obese often face. By recognizing obesity as a disease, society may be more inclined to view it as a medical condition rather than a personal failing.

This could lead to greater empathy, understanding, and support for those who are struggling with obesity.

The Challenges of This Classification

While the classification of obesity as a disease has many potential benefits, it also faces several challenges. One major concern is the potential for oversimplification or medicalization of obesity.

While obesity has significant medical consequences and a biological component, it is also influenced by social, cultural, and economic factors. Classifying it solely as a medical condition may overlook these complex and interconnected issues.

Another challenge is the potential for labeling and stigmatization. While the goal of this classification is to reduce stigma, there is a risk that it could lead to further labeling and discrimination.

This is because the label of “disease” often carries negative connotations, and those who are obese may be seen as having a condition that is beyond their control. This could lead to further marginalization and isolation.

The Importance of Addressing Obesity

Regardless of its classification, obesity is a significant public health problem that needs to be addressed. In the United States alone, more than one-third of adults are obese, and this number is expected to rise in the coming years.

Obesity is a leading cause of preventable death and is estimated to cost the country billions of dollars in health care costs and lost productivity each year.

Addressing obesity requires a multi-faceted approach that takes into account the complex factors that contribute to the condition.

This includes improving access to healthy food, increasing opportunities for physical activity, reducing stress levels, and addressing social and economic inequalities that contribute to obesity. It also requires a shift in mindset, away from blame and toward support and empathy for those who are struggling with weight management.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the decision to classify obesity as a disease has significant implications for the treatment and management of this condition.

It may lead to greater awareness, research funding, and access to treatment, while also reducing stigma and discrimination. However, it also faces challenges such as oversimplification and labeling.

Regardless of its classification, addressing obesity is vital for public health, and requires a multi-faceted approach that takes into account the many complex factors that contribute to this condition.