Oral health and hypertension are both health concerns that affect millions of people worldwide. While most people may not consider the two issues to be related, recent studies have suggested a link between oral health and hypertension.

This article delves into the relationship between gum disease (gingivitis) and high blood pressure.

What is Gingivitis?

Gingivitis is a common oral health issue that refers to gum inflammation caused by bacterial infection. If not treated, it can lead to tooth loss and other severe dental problems.

Gingivitis usually results from poor oral hygiene habits such as not brushing or flossing regularly. The symptoms include inflamed gums, bleeding during brushing or flossing, bad breath, and dark red or purple gums.

The Link Between Gingivitis and Hypertension

Researchers have found that poor oral health and gum disease may contribute to an increased risk of high blood pressure.

A recent review of studies on oral health and hypertension found that people with gum disease had a higher risk of developing high blood pressure. The study further revealed that the risk was even higher among those with severe or untreated gum disease.

One possible reason for the link between gingivitis and hypertension is the inflammation caused by gum disease. Inflammation is a natural physiological response to infection or tissue damage.

However, chronic inflammation linked to gum disease can release inflammatory mediators that contribute to hypertension. These mediators cause blood vessels to narrow and stiffen, leading to increased blood pressure.

The Role of Oral Bacteria in Hypertension

Another possible explanation for the link between gingivitis and hypertension is the role of the oral bacteria in hypertension. Gum disease is caused by oral bacteria that grow in the mouth.

The bacteria can enter the bloodstream through bleeding gums and travel to other parts of the body, including the blood vessels. Once in the bloodstream, the bacteria can cause inflammation and damage to the blood vessel walls, contributing to the development of hypertension.

The Role of Oral Health in Managing Hypertension

While more research is needed to establish the link between gingivitis and hypertension, promoting good oral health can help manage high blood pressure.

Maintaining good oral hygiene habits such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and using mouthwash can prevent gum disease and reduce the risk of hypertension. Additionally, seeing a dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings can help catch gum disease early before it leads to severe dental problems.

Furthermore, some studies suggest that treating gum disease can lead to a reduction in blood pressure.

In a study involving 19 patients with hypertension and severe gum disease, the participants received gum disease treatment and showed a significant decrease in blood pressure. Similarly, another study found that treating gum disease in patients with pre-existing hypertension led to a reduction in systolic blood pressure.

The Bottom Line

While oral health and hypertension may not seem related, recent studies have suggested otherwise. Poor oral hygiene habits and gum disease may increase the risk of hypertension, and promoting good oral health can help manage high blood pressure.

Therefore, it’s essential to maintain good oral hygiene habits and see a dentist regularly to prevent and treat gum disease.