Eating disorders are serious mental health illnesses that affect more than 30 million Americans. They are characterized by persistent and unhealthy eating habits that can lead to severe physical, emotional, and social consequences.

Eating disorders can affect anyone, regardless of their age, gender, race or lifestyle.

Oral symptoms of eating disorders are those that affect the mouth, teeth, gums, tongue, throat, and jaw. These symptoms can often be the first signs of an eating disorder, and it is crucial to recognize and address them early before they become severe.

Here are the most common oral symptoms of eating disorders:.

1. TOOTH DECAY AND CAVITIES

Those with eating disorders such as bulimia or binge eating disorder often consume large amounts of sugary and acidic foods. These foods can lead to tooth decay, which can cause cavities, gum disease, and tooth loss if left untreated.

Frequent vomiting associated with bulimia can also expose the teeth to stomach acid, leading to rapid enamel erosion and decay.

2. GUM DISEASE

Eating disorders can also cause gum disease, which can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.

Gum disease is caused by bacterial infections that attack the gums, and it can make the teeth unstable and lead to pockets around the teeth that allow for further bacterial growth. Those with bulimia and anorexia often have low levels of saliva, which can further contribute to gum disease.

3. EROSION OF THE TOOTH ENAMEL

Eating disorders can cause the erosion of the tooth enamel, which is the protective layer that covers the teeth. This can lead to extreme tooth sensitivity, pain, and discoloration.

The erosion of the tooth enamel can also lead to tooth decay, gum disease, and other oral health problems.

4. MOUTH SORES

Those with bulimia or anorexia may experience mouth sores, which are painful sores that develop on the lips, tongue, gums, and throat. These sores can be caused by poor nutrition, low levels of saliva, and exposure to stomach acid.

Mouth sores can also make it difficult to eat and speak, further impacting the individual’s quality of life.

5. DRY MOUTH

Many individuals with eating disorders experience dry mouth, which is the lack of saliva production in the mouth. This can lead to a range of oral health issues such as bad breath, gum disease, tooth decay, and difficulty swallowing.

Dry mouth can also make it challenging to taste food, leading to a decreased appetite and nutrient intake.

6. SALIVARY GLAND ENLARGEMENT

Salivary gland enlargement is a common oral symptom of bulimia nervosa. Bulimia often involves bingeing and purging bouts that involve excessive vomiting.

Over time, this can cause inflammation of the salivary glands, leading to swelling of the cheeks and jaw. The enlargement of the salivary glands can be painful and make it difficult to eat and swallow.

7. SENSITIVITY TO COLD AND HOT FOODS

Individuals with eating disorders may develop extreme sensitivity to hot and cold foods. This can be caused by the erosion of the tooth enamel, which can expose the inner layers of the teeth that are highly sensitive to temperature.

This sensitivity can make it difficult to eat and drink, leading to dehydration and malnutrition.

8. JAW PAIN AND TMJ DISORDERS

Eating disorders can also cause jaw pain and disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). TMJ disorders can cause pain and stiffness in the jaw, neck, and shoulders, as well as difficulty opening and closing the mouth.

Jaw pain can also make it challenging to eat and speak, leading to further social isolation and emotional distress.

9. BLEEDING AND SORE GUMS

Individuals with eating disorders may experience bleeding and sore gums, particularly if they are deficient in essential nutrients such as vitamins C and K.

Bleeding and sore gums can be painful and lead to further oral health problems if left untreated.

10. STOMATITIS

Stomatitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the mouth’s lining, leading to painful sores, ulcers, and redness.

This condition can be caused by a range of factors, including poor nutrition, poor dental hygiene, and exposure to stomach acid. Stomatitis can further exacerbate eating disorders by making it difficult to eat and speak.

CONCLUSION

Oral symptoms of eating disorders are serious and can be the first signs of a more significant problem. It is vital to recognize and address these symptoms early and seek professional help.

Eating disorders can have devastating consequences on an individual’s physical, emotional, and social well-being. Seeking help from a healthcare provider, therapist, and dentist is crucial for those with eating disorders to overcome their condition and achieve lasting recovery.