Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of the body. It is essential for the formation of red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and neurologic function.

A deficiency of this important nutrient can cause a variety of symptoms throughout the body, including the mouth and oral cavity. Here are some of the oral symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.

1. Glossitis

Glossitis, or inflammation of the tongue, is a common symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency. The tongue becomes swollen, red, and smooth, which can make it difficult to eat, speak, and swallow.

Additionally, there may be a burning or itching sensation in the mouth. In severe cases, the tongue may become sore and painful.

2. Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis, also known as perleche, is a condition characterized by cracks and fissures at the corners of the mouth. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including a deficiency in vitamin B12.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can weaken the immune system and make the mouth more vulnerable to infection. This can lead to fungal or bacterial infections in the corners of the mouth.

3. Oral Ulcers

Oral ulcers, or canker sores, can also be a symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency. They are small, painful sores that develop on the inner lining of the mouth. They can occur on the tongue, lips, gums, and cheeks.

In severe cases, the ulcers can be large and may become infected.

4. Palatal Paresthesia

Palatal paresthesia is a tingling or burning sensation in the roof of the mouth. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including a deficiency in vitamin B12.

If left untreated, the palatal paresthesia can contribute to difficulty with eating, speaking, and swallowing.

5. Burning Mouth Syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome is a condition characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth, often affecting the tongue, cheeks, and palate. This sensation can be particularly intense in people with vitamin B12 deficiency.

The condition can also cause dry mouth and a metallic or bitter taste in the mouth.

6. Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is a condition that affects the gums and the surrounding tissues and bones that support the teeth.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to gum disease by weakening the immune system and making the mouth more vulnerable to bacteria. Gum disease can cause swelling, redness, bleeding, and even loss of teeth.

7. Halitosis

Halitosis, or bad breath, can also be a symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency. This is because the lack of vitamin B12 can cause an overgrowth of bacteria in the mouth, which can lead to bad breath.

8. Tooth Decay

Another oral symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency is tooth decay. The lack of this important nutrient can weaken the enamel of the teeth, making them more susceptible to decay.

Additionally, the mouth may produce less saliva, which can contribute to tooth decay by reducing the amount of protective substances that naturally occur in saliva.

9. Dry Mouth

Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is another symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency. This occurs when there is a reduced production of saliva in the mouth. Saliva is important for keeping the mouth moist and for protecting the teeth against decay.

A deficiency in vitamin B12 can also cause the saliva to become thick and sticky, making it more difficult to swallow.

10. Swollen Gums

Vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause swollen gums. This can be due to the fact that the immune system is weakened, making the gums more susceptible to infection.

Additionally, the lack of vitamin B12 can cause bleeding gums, which can lead to inflammation and swelling.

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause a variety of oral symptoms. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to speak to your healthcare provider.

A simple blood test can determine if you have a deficiency and appropriate treatment can be provided to correct the deficiency.