Osteoporosis is a disease that usually affects older adults. However, it is important to know that it can also occur in children. When it is diagnosed in childhood, it is often because of a genetic condition, a chronic illness, or certain medications.

In most cases, children with osteoporosis experience weak bones that are easy to fracture. In this article, we will take a closer look at osteoporosis in kids, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Causes of Osteoporosis in Kids

Osteoporosis in kids can occur due to a variety of reasons. Here are some of the most common ones:.

Genetics

Some children may inherit genes that cause weak bones. There are several genetic conditions that can cause osteoporosis, including osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan syndrome, and homocystinuria.

Chronic illness

Children with chronic illnesses such as celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.

These conditions can interfere with the absorption of nutrients and the production of hormones that are essential for bone health.

Medications

Some medications, such as corticosteroids and anticonvulsants, can weaken bones over time, especially when used for long periods. Children who need these medications for their health should be monitored regularly to prevent bone loss.

Lifestyle factors

Children who do not get enough calcium and vitamin D from their diet, or who do not engage in weight-bearing activities, are also at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis in Kids

Children with osteoporosis may not show any symptoms until they experience a fracture or bone deformity. In some cases, they may experience back pain or have a stooped posture.

Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Kids

Diagnosing osteoporosis in kids can be challenging since there are no obvious symptoms in the early stages.

However, if your child has a family history of osteoporosis, a chronic illness, or is taking medication that can affect bone health, your doctor may recommend a bone density test.

The most common test used to measure bone density is called a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. This test is painless and exposes your child to a minimal amount of radiation.

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Treatment of Osteoporosis in Kids

The goal of treating osteoporosis in kids is to prevent fractures, promote bone growth, and improve bone density. Here are some common treatments for this condition:.

Dietary changes

Kids with osteoporosis may need to increase their intake of calcium, vitamin D, and other bone-healthy nutrients. Foods that are rich in calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, and salmon.

Foods that are rich in vitamin D include fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified cereals.

Physical therapy

Weight-bearing exercises can help strengthen bones and improve bone density. Kids with osteoporosis may benefit from working with a physical therapist to develop an exercise plan that is safe and effective for them.

Medication

In some cases, your child’s doctor may recommend medication to help strengthen bones. This may include bisphosphonates, calcitonin, or teriparatide. These medications can help decrease bone turnover and increase bone density.

Prevention of Osteoporosis in Kids

Preventing osteoporosis in kids starts with building strong bones from an early age. Here are some tips for promoting bone health:.

Encourage a healthy lifestyle

Make sure your child is eating a balanced diet that includes plenty of bone-healthy foods. Encourage them to engage in weight-bearing activities such as running, jumping, and dancing.

Limit sedentary activities such as watching TV and playing video games.

Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake

Most kids need 1,000 – 1,300 mg of calcium per day and 600 – 1,000 IU of vitamin D per day. Talk to your child’s doctor about whether they need to take supplements.

Monitor chronic illnesses

If your child has a chronic illness that affects bone health, it is important to work closely with their doctor to ensure they are getting the right treatment and monitoring.

Conclusion

Osteoporosis is not just a disease that affects older adults. Kids can also be at risk, especially if they have a genetic condition, a chronic illness, or are taking medications that can decrease bone density.

By promoting bone health through a healthy diet, weight-bearing activities, and adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, parents can help prevent osteoporosis in their children. If you suspect your child may be at risk for osteoporosis, talk to their doctor about whether a bone density test is appropriate.