Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that affects the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system.

It is one of the most deadly types of cancer for women, largely because it is often diagnosed at a late stage when treatment options are limited. However, identifying high-risk women can help with early detection and better outcomes. In this article, we will discuss the risk factors associated with ovarian cancer and how to identify high-risk women.

What are the Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer?

While the exact cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, there are certain factors that can increase a woman’s risk of developing it.

Age

The risk of developing ovarian cancer increases as women get older. Most cases of ovarian cancer are diagnosed in women over the age of 50, although it can occur in younger women.

Family history

Women with a family history of ovarian cancer are at greater risk of developing the disease. This is especially true if a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

BRCA gene mutation

Women who carry a mutation in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene are at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. These genes are involved in repairing damaged DNA, and mutations can increase the risk of cancer developing.

Personal history of cancer

Women who have previously been diagnosed with breast or colon cancer are at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Hormone replacement therapy

Women who have used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for a long period of time are at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer. This is due to the increased exposure to estrogen.

Endometriosis

Women with endometriosis, a condition where tissue from the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, are at greater risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Identifying High-Risk Women

Identifying high-risk women is an important step in detecting ovarian cancer early. Here are some ways to identify women who may be at higher risk:.

Family history

Women with a family history of ovarian cancer should consider genetic counseling and testing. A genetic counselor can help determine if you are at increased risk for ovarian cancer based on your family history and other factors.

BRCA gene testing

Women who have a family history of ovarian cancer or who have been diagnosed with breast or colon cancer should consider BRCA gene testing.

This test can determine if you carry a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, which can increase your risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Pelvic exams

Regular pelvic exams can help detect ovarian cancer early. During a pelvic exam, your healthcare provider will feel for any lumps or abnormalities in your ovaries.

Transvaginal ultrasound

A transvaginal ultrasound is a type of imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the ovaries. This test can help detect ovarian masses or abnormalities.

CA-125 blood test

The CA-125 blood test measures the levels of a protein called CA-125 in the blood. High levels of CA-125 can be a sign of ovarian cancer, although it is not always accurate.

Conclusion

Ovarian cancer is a deadly disease that can be difficult to detect early. However, identifying high-risk women can help with early detection and better outcomes.

If you are at increased risk for ovarian cancer, talk to your healthcare provider about ways to stay healthy and detect the disease early.