Peritonitis is a medical emergency requiring swift and immediate attention, as it can lead to organ failure and death.

Understanding this condition’s symptoms and the importance of seeking medical attention can help improve outcomes for those affected.

What is Peritonitis?

Peritonitis occurs when the peritoneum, which is the thin layer of tissue that lines the inside of the abdomen and covers the abdominal organs, becomes inflamed. This inflammation can cause organ failure, sepsis, and shock.

Peritonitis can be caused by various factors, including infection from bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

It may also occur due to injury or trauma to the abdominal area, digestive disorders, surgeries resulting in bowel leaks, and even exposure to certain chemicals or substances.

Symptoms of Peritonitis

Symptoms of peritonitis can vary depending on the underlying cause, but often include:.

Severe abdominal pain
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Decreased appetite and thirst
Bloating and abdominal distention
Tenderness and rigidity in the abdomen
Inability to pass gas or stool
Low blood pressure and rapid heart rate
Fatigue and weakness

In some cases, individuals may experience symptoms of shock, such as confusion, rapid breathing, and cold, clammy skin, which can indicate a life-threatening emergency.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of peritonitis often starts with a physical exam, including palpation of the abdomen and checking for signs of tenderness and rigidity.

Blood tests, imaging studies like CT scans, and fluid sampling from the abdomen may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the underlying cause.

Treatment for peritonitis focuses on addressing the underlying cause, reducing inflammation, and preventing complications. Patients may be given antibiotics, pain medication, and intravenous fluids to manage symptoms and prevent dehydration.

In severe cases, emergency surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue, repair any damage to organs or blood vessels, and prevent the spread of infection.

Prevention

Preventing peritonitis often involves reducing the risk of infection and injury to the abdominal area.

Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, and avoiding high-risk behaviors like unsafe sex or injection drug use, can help reduce the risk of infection. Maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can also protect against digestive disorders and trauma to the abdominal area.

Conclusion

Peritonitis is a serious medical condition that can be life-threatening without prompt treatment.

Understanding the symptoms, seeking medical attention early, and taking steps to prevent infection and injury can decrease the risk of developing peritonitis and improve outcomes for those affected.