Birth defects are a serious and common problem all over the world. Thousands of infants every year are born with congenital disabilities that can cause physical and mental disabilities or, in some cases, even result in death.

Doctors have identified several factors that may contribute to the occurrence of birth defects, including genetic and environmental factors. However, many birth defects can be prevented by taking folic acid supplements during pregnancy.

What are Birth Defects?

Birth defects are abnormalities that occur in the structure or function of a developing fetus. They can affect any part of the body and can range from mild to severe.

Some birth defects are obvious at the time of birth, while others may not be apparent until later in life.

Causes of Birth Defects

Doctors have identified several factors that may contribute to the occurrence of birth defects, including:.

Genetic factors – Some birth defects are caused by gene mutations that are inherited from one or both parents.
Environmental factors – Exposure to certain substances or toxins during pregnancy can increase the risk of birth defects. These substances may include alcohol, drugs, tobacco smoke, and some medications.
Nutritional factors – Insufficient intake of certain nutrients during pregnancy, such as folic acid, can increase the risk of birth defects.

What is Folic Acid?

Folic acid is a B-vitamin that is essential for healthy fetal development. It plays a crucial role in the formation of the neural tube, which develops into the baby’s brain and spinal cord.

Folate is the natural form of the vitamin that is found in foods, while folic acid is the synthetic form that is added to supplements and fortified foods.

Why is Folic Acid Important for Pregnancy?

Folic acid is important for pregnancy because it helps to reduce the risk of birth defects, specifically neural tube defects. Neural tube defects are serious birth defects that affect the brain and spinal cord.

Taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy can help to reduce the risk of neural tube defects by up to 70 percent. Folic acid also helps to reduce the risk of other birth defects, such as congenital heart defects and cleft lip and palate.

How Much Folic Acid Should I Take?

The recommended daily intake of folic acid for women who are planning to become pregnant or who are pregnant is 600-800 micrograms (mcg) per day.

Women who have had a previous pregnancy affected by neural tube defects should take higher doses, up to 4,000 mcg per day, under the guidance of their doctor.

When Should I Start Taking Folic Acid?

It is recommended that women who are planning to become pregnant start taking folic acid supplements at least one month before they conceive.

This will help to ensure that their body has enough folic acid to support healthy fetal development in the early weeks of pregnancy, before many women even know they are pregnant. Women who are already pregnant should start taking folic acid supplements as soon as possible.

Where Can I Get Folic Acid?

Folic acid is available in supplement form, and many foods are fortified with folic acid. Some natural sources of folate include leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, and fortified cereals and breads.

Women who are planning to become pregnant or who are pregnant should talk to their doctor about the best sources of folic acid for their individual needs.

Conclusion

Taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy is a simple and effective way to reduce the risk of birth defects, especially neural tube defects.

Women who are planning to become pregnant or who are pregnant should talk to their healthcare provider about the best way to ensure that they are getting enough folic acid to support healthy fetal development.