Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

It is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide, with an estimated 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths each year. However, cervical cancer is largely preventable through regular screening and early detection. In this article, we will explore the importance of cervical cancer screening and why it matters for women’s health.

What is Cervical Cancer Screening?

Cervical cancer screening is the process of looking for abnormal cells in the cervix that could potentially develop into cancer. The most common method of screening is the Pap test, also known as a Pap smear.

During a Pap test, a healthcare provider will collect cells from the cervix and examine them under a microscope to check for any abnormalities. If abnormal cells are found, further testing may be done to determine if they are precancerous or cancerous.

Why is Cervical Cancer Screening Important?

Cervical cancer screening is important for several reasons. First and foremost, it can detect cervical cancer in its earliest stages, when treatment is most effective.

In fact, according to the American Cancer Society, when caught early, the five-year survival rate for cervical cancer is approximately 92%. Second, screening can also detect precancerous cells that could potentially develop into cancer if left untreated. These cells can be removed before they turn cancerous, preventing the development of cervical cancer entirely.

Lastly, regular screening can also help to identify changes in the cervix over time, allowing for early intervention if necessary.

Who Should Get Screened?

The American Cancer Society recommends that women with a cervix begin cervical cancer screening at age 25. Between the ages of 25 and 65, women should have a Pap test every three years.

After age 65, women who have had regular screenings with normal results may be able to stop screening. However, women who have had a history of cervical cancer or certain other conditions may need to continue screening beyond age 65.

Women who have had a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) may also be able to stop screening, depending on the reason for the hysterectomy.

What Can You Expect During a Pap Test?

A Pap test is a quick and simple procedure that can be done during a routine gynecological exam. Your healthcare provider will use a speculum to gently open the vagina and access the cervix.

They will then use a small brush or spatula to collect cells from the cervix. You may feel a mild discomfort or cramping sensation during the procedure, but it should not be painful. The cells will be sent to a lab for testing, and you will typically receive the results within a few weeks.

What if Abnormal Cells are Found?

If abnormal cells are found during a Pap test, your healthcare provider may recommend further testing, such as a colposcopy or biopsy.

During a colposcopy, a healthcare provider will use a special instrument called a colposcope to examine the cervix in more detail. If necessary, they may take a biopsy, which involves removing a small piece of tissue from the cervix for further examination. Depending on the results of these tests, your healthcare provider may recommend monitoring, treatment, or further testing.

Screening for HPV

In addition to Pap tests, there is also another screening option for cervical cancer: the HPV test. The HPV test looks for the presence of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause cervical cancer.

The HPV test is recommended for women over the age of 30, and it can be done alone or in combination with a Pap test. Women who have had the HPV vaccine still need to receive regular screening, as the vaccine only protects against certain strains of HPV.

Conclusion

Cervical cancer is a serious disease that affects countless women every year. However, with regular screening and early detection, it is largely preventable.

If you are a woman with a cervix, it is important to get regular Pap tests or HPV tests as recommended by your healthcare provider. By taking care of your reproductive health, you can protect yourself against cervical cancer and maintain your overall wellbeing.