Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a medical condition characterized by the formation of blood clots in the veins. These clots can obstruct the normal flow of blood, leading to serious complications such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.

According to the World Health Organization, VTE affects about 10 million people worldwide each year with fatal consequences in about a third of the cases.

Risk factors for VTE

While anyone can develop VTE, some people have a higher risk of developing the condition. The following are some of the risk factors that increase the likelihood of VTE.

Immobilization

Being immobile for extended periods increases the risk of developing VTE. This is why bedridden patients, people who have undergone surgery, or those who are traveling on long flights are at a higher risk of developing the condition.

When the muscles in the legs are not active, the flow of blood slows down, and blood clots are more likely to form.

Family history

People with a family history of VTE are more likely to develop the condition compared to those without a history of the disease. This is because some people inherit genetic factors that make their blood more prone to clotting.

Such people are likely to experience VTE at a relatively young age, even in the absence of other risk factors.

Medical history

People with certain medical conditions such as heart failure, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease are more likely to develop VTE.

This is because such conditions can lead to changes in the blood flow and composition, increasing the risk of blood clot formation.

Pregnancy and childbirth

Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing VTE, particularly during the first three months of pregnancy. The risk of VTE is further heightened during childbirth and the first few weeks after delivery.

This is because pregnancy and childbirth can cause alterations in the blood flow, composition, and pressure, making clot formation more likely.

Age

The risk of VTE increases with age. Older people are more likely to develop the condition compared to younger adults.

This is because as people grow older, their blood vessels tend to become less elastic, and blood flow becomes sluggish, increasing the risk of clot formation.

Symptoms of VTE

Some of the symptoms of VTE include:.

Sudden swelling and pain in one leg or arm
Warmth and redness on the affected area
Difficulty breathing and chest pain, in case of pulmonary embolism

If you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately.

Preventing VTE

Here are some of the ways to prevent VTE:.

Maintain an active lifestyle

Regular exercise helps to promote blood flow and prevents the blood from pooling in the veins. For people who are immobile for extended periods, taking short walks at regular intervals can help reduce the risk of VTE.

Use compression stockings

Specially designed compression stockings work by gently squeezing the legs, helping to keep the blood flowing smoothly. They are particularly useful for people who are immobile or whose legs swell due to other medical conditions such as varicose veins.

Take medication as prescribed

If you have a medical condition that increases the risk of VTE, your doctor may prescribe medication to help prevent blood clot formation. Make sure to take all medication as prescribed, and follow up with your doctor regularly.

Avoid smoking

Smoking increases the risk of developing VTE, particularly in people with other risk factors. If you smoke, consider quitting, or seek professional help to help you quit.

Stay hydrated

Drinking enough water helps to keep the blood flowing smoothly, reducing the risk of VTE. Make sure to drink enough water throughout the day, especially during hot weather or intense physical activities.

Maintain a healthy weight

Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing VTE. Eating healthy and engaging in regular physical exercise can help you maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of VTE.

Conclusion

Venous Thromboembolism is a potentially life-threatening condition that affects millions of people worldwide each year.

While some people are at a higher risk of developing the disease compared to others, there are things that everyone can do to help prevent blood clot formation. By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding smoking, staying hydrated, and seeking medical attention whenever necessary, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing VTE.