Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes which surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by a bacterial, viral or fungal infection, and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

While meningitis can affect individuals of any age, young children are particularly vulnerable. As parents or caregivers, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of meningitis so that you can seek medical attention for your child as soon as possible.

1. Fever and Headache

Fever is one of the most common symptoms of meningitis in children. A child with meningitis may have a high fever, often over 101°F (38.3°C). They may also complain of a headache or appear irritable and restless.

2. Stiff Neck

A stiff neck is another telltale symptom of meningitis. This occurs when the child’s neck is stiff and difficult to move, making it painful to bend the head forward.

3. Sensitivity to Light

Children with meningitis may also be sensitive to light. In medical terms, this is known as photophobia. They may squint, turn away from bright lights or complain of eye pain.

4. Nausea and Vomiting

Meningitis can cause nausea and vomiting in children, particularly if they have a high fever. This can make them feel weak and tired.

5. Skin Rash

A rash is not always present in children with meningitis, but when it does occur, it is often accompanied by other symptoms such as fever and headache. The rash may be red or purple and could appear anywhere on the body.

6. Altered Mental Status

In severe cases of meningitis, the child’s mental status may be affected. They may become drowsy, confused, or disoriented.

7. Muscle Pain

Children with meningitis may experience muscle pain and stiffness, particularly in the shoulders, back, and thighs.

8. Seizures

In rare cases, meningitis can cause seizures in children. Seizures are sudden, uncontrollable movements or convulsions that may last for several minutes.

9. Difficulty Breathing

Meningitis can also affect a child’s breathing, making it shallow or difficult. They may breathe rapidly or grunt with each breath.

10. Poor Feeding

Young infants with meningitis may refuse to feed due to the discomfort and pain caused by the infection. They may appear lethargic and lose weight rapidly.

If your child develops any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. The earlier meningitis is diagnosed and treated, the better the chances of a full recovery.