Rectal polyps and cancerous growth are abnormal growths that develop in the rectum, which is the last part of the digestive system.

They can be benign or malignant, and while rectal polyps are usually harmless, certain types of polyps may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. In this article, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for rectal polyps and cancerous growth.

Causes of Rectal Polyps and Cancerous Growth

The exact cause of rectal polyps and cancerous growth is not known, but certain factors may increase the risk of developing them, including:.

Age: People over the age of 50 are at higher risk of developing rectal polyps and cancerous growth.
Family history: A family history of colorectal cancer or polyps increases the risk of developing them.
Inflammatory bowel disease: People with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease are at higher risk of developing rectal polyps and cancerous growth.
Lifestyle: A diet high in fat and low in fiber, a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity may increase the risk of developing rectal polyps and cancerous growth.

Symptoms of Rectal Polyps and Cancerous Growth

In many cases, rectal polyps and cancerous growth may not cause any symptoms, especially during the early stages. However, as they grow larger, they may cause symptoms such as:.

Bleeding from the rectum
Blood in the stool
Changes in bowel movements, including diarrhea or constipation
Abdominal pain or discomfort
Feeling like the bowel is not completely empty
Unexplained weight loss

It’s important to note that these symptoms may also be caused by other health conditions, so it’s important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.

Types of Rectal Polyps and Cancerous Growth

There are different types of rectal polyps and cancerous growth, and they are classified based on their appearance and location. The most common types include:.

Adenomatous polyps: These are the most common type of polyps, and they are usually benign. However, certain types of adenomatous polyps may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Hyperplastic polyps: These are usually benign and do not increase the risk of cancer. They are more commonly found in the rectum and lower colon.
Inflammatory polyps: These are usually benign and are associated with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease.
Cancerous growth: Rectal cancer is a malignant growth that starts in the cells lining the rectum. It can spread to other parts of the body if not treated early.

Diagnosis of Rectal Polyps and Cancerous Growth

If a healthcare provider suspects the presence of rectal polyps or cancerous growth, they may recommend the following tests:.

Colonoscopy: This is a procedure that allows a healthcare provider to examine the entire length of the colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera at the end.
Fecal occult blood test: This is a test to detect blood in the stool that may not be visible to the naked eye.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy: This is a procedure that allows a healthcare provider to examine the lower part of the colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera at the end.
Virtual colonoscopy: This is a non-invasive test that uses a CT scan to create images of the colon and rectum.

Treatment of Rectal Polyps and Cancerous Growth

The treatment of rectal polyps and cancerous growth depends on their size, location, and whether they are benign or malignant. Treatment options may include:.

Surgery: This is the most common treatment for rectal cancer. Depending on the size and location of the cancerous growth, surgery may involve the removal of part or all of the rectum.
Polypectomy: This is a procedure to remove rectal polyps. It can be done during a colonoscopy or by a surgeon.
Chemotherapy: This is a medication that is used to kill cancer cells. It may be used before or after surgery.
Radiation therapy: This involves the use of high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. It may be used before or after surgery.

Prevention of Rectal Polyps and Cancerous Growth

There are several things you can do to reduce your risk of developing rectal polyps and cancerous growth:.

Get screened regularly: People over the age of 50 should get screened for colorectal cancer regularly.
Eat a healthy diet: A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and low in fat may help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity may help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors for colorectal cancer.

Conclusion

Rectal polyps and cancerous growth are abnormal growths that develop in the rectum. They can be benign or malignant, and while rectal polyps are usually harmless, certain types of polyps may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

It’s important to see a healthcare provider if you experience symptoms such as bleeding from the rectum, blood in the stool, or changes in bowel movements. Regular screening and a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing rectal polyps and cancerous growth.