Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum protrudes through the anus. This common condition can occur due to various reasons, such as aging, childbirth, chronic constipation, weakness of pelvic muscles, and nerve damage, among others.

Rectal prolapse can cause discomfort, bleeding, pain during bowel movements, and other unpleasant symptoms.

Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse

The following are the most common symptoms of rectal prolapse:.

A visible lump protruding through the anus, which may become more prominent during bowel movements
Pain or discomfort during bowel movements
Bleeding or mucus discharge from the protruding tissue
Fecal incontinence (inability to control bowel movements)
Constipation or straining during bowel movements
Feeling of fullness in the rectum

Causes of Rectal Prolapse

The cause of rectal prolapse is not always clear, but various factors can contribute to its development. These factors include:.

Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements
Weakness of pelvic muscles due to age or childbirth
Injury to the muscles and nerves in the rectum and anus during childbirth
Prolonged sitting or standing
Certain medical conditions such as cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, or nerve damage from diabetes

Diagnosis of Rectal Prolapse

The diagnosis of rectal prolapse begins with a physical exam by a physician. During the exam, the doctor may ask you to strain as if having a bowel movement to see if the rectal tissue protrudes through the anus.

In some cases, the doctor may perform a diagnostic test such as:.

Anorectal manometry to evaluate muscle pressure and function
Colonoscopy to visualize the rectum and colon
Defecography to evaluate bowel function and movements

Conservative Treatment of Rectal Prolapse

In mild cases, conservative treatment options may be effective in treating rectal prolapse. These treatment options include:.

Fiber-rich diet to prevent constipation and straining during bowel movements
Increase water intake to promote bowel movements and prevent dehydration
Physical therapy to improve pelvic muscle strength and control
Topical medications such as anal ointments to reduce inflammation and discomfort
Anti-diarrheal medication to control loose stools and prevent straining during bowel movements

Surgery for Rectal Prolapse

In severe cases of rectal prolapse, surgery may be necessary to correct the condition. The type of surgery recommended depends on various factors such as the severity of the prolapse, patient’s age, and overall health. Some of the surgical options are:.

Abdominal surgery, which involves making an incision in the belly to access the rectum and repair the prolapse using sutures or a mesh to support the pelvic organs.
Rectopexy, which involves anchoring the rectum to the pelvis to prevent it from prolapsing. This can be done through an open or laparoscopic approach.
Altemeier procedure, which involves removing the prolapsed tissue and placing the remaining rectum back into the anus. This procedure is typically done in older patients with severe prolapse and poor anal sphincter tone.